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International Conference on Information Technology: IoT and Smart City (ICIT)

Implementation BRQI grayscale image model on IBM Quantum Experience

Gabriela Mogos

Published Dec 22, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Techniques for exploiting visual information play an important and topical role. Image processing is an area of Artificial Intelligence, dealing with how to represent, reconstruct, classify, recognition and analysis of images using computers. The idea behind this study is to follow how the quantum properties of superposition and entanglement are used by the Bit-plane Representation of Quantum Images BRQI model, grayscale image, to map and store the image as qubits. For this, we used the IBM Quantum Experience platform that provides the opportunity to implement and run programs with quantum applications.

DOI
10.1145/3512576.3512589

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Techniques for exploiting visual information play an important and topical role. Image processing is an area of Artificial Intelligence, dealing with how to represent, reconstruct, classify, recognition and analysis of images using computers. The idea behind this study is to follow how the quantum properties of superposition and entanglement are used by the Bit-plane Representation of Quantum Images BRQI model, grayscale image, to map and store the image as qubits. For this, we used the IBM Quantum Experience platform that provides the opportunity to implement and run programs with quantum applications.
Quantum image representation plays an important role in quantum image processing. In this paper, a bitplane representation of quantum images (BRQI) is proposed, which uses (n+4) or (n+6) qubits to store a grayscale or RGB color image of 2npixels. Compared with a novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR), and a novel quantum representation of color digital images (NCQI), the storage capacity of BRQI improves 16 times and 218times, respectively. Next, some quantum operations based on BRQI are proposed, these operations including complement of colors, reverse of bitplanes, and translation of bitplanes. Analyzed the implementation circuits of these operations, the result indicates that these operations based on BRQI have lower quantum cost than NEQR and NCQI. Furthermore, an image scrambling algorithm based on BRQI is presented by combining the above operations. Simulation experiments and performance analysis show that proposed scrambling algorithm is effective and efficient.
Abstract The quantum image representation based on bit-planes (BRQI) is a widely used model in quantum image processing. It utilizes both the superposition and entanglement properties to store the position and color information of an image effectively, but the time complexity is still high(O(2qn22n)). Here, we propose an improved BRQI model, which still uses log2 q + 1 qubits to represent the color information, and has a low time complexity(O(qn22n)). When storing the value of bit-plane, it can use only one controlled operation to store the values of two adjacent bit-planes at the same time, makes the time and space complexity significantly reduced. Moreover, we design a corresponding quantum image compression algorithm. Simulation experimental results show that the compression efficiency of this model is also better than that of the widely used models NEQR and BRQI, and the time complexity of quantum image representation is further reduced. Hence, our findings will be helpful for further developing the quantum image representation and compression algorithm.
Quantum computing offers parallel processing capabilities and resource-saving advantages, particularly useful for managing expansive datasets and complex image processing tasks. Grayscale images, being the simplest single-channel image mode, are frequently employed in artificial intelligence training. Before actual image applications, various image processing operations are typically required. However, the restoration of a grayscale image of dimensions 2n× 2nafter a series of linear transformations poses a challenge. Existing methods typically involve finding the inverse of the most recent linear transformation or re-encoding the image followed by repeated operations until the final transformation, resulting in excessive computational overhead and disconnection from subsequent quantum grayscale image applications. To address this issue, we propose a universal quantum linear restoration algorithm for grayscale image, denoted as QLR, which effectively bridges the stages of linear transformation and subsequent image applications. QLR reduces the time complexity from O(2n) to O(n) compared to classical counterpart. Building upon the QLR algorithm, we further propose two quantum resource-optimized compression methods for optional lossless image storage. Combining with other quantum algorithms and techniques, we design a framework (QGIP) aimed at bridging the processes of quantum grayscale image processing and applications. Experiments simulated on the IBM Quantum platform validate the correctness and efficiency of our proposal.
Abstract Quantum Image Representation (QIR) is a fundamental concept in quantum image processing. It describes how classical images are converted into quantum states for processing on quantum computers. Researchers proposed several QIR models, with FRQI and NEQR being the most popular ones. These models show the possibilities of the quantum image encoding. Nevertheless, they are also limited in some way. Mostly, pixel intensity accuracy, the required number of qubits, and circuit complexity have trade-offs. Their application to Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices becomes challenging, the quantum resources being small in such devices, due to this. In the following paper, we introduce our own approach, which is the Intensity-Preserving Quantum image Representation (IP-QIR). The key aim of IP-QIR is to maintain the information about the grayscale intensities and decrease the amount of quantum resources. IP-QIR quantifies pixel intensities by a controlled rotation scheme. The measurement statistics of a single qubit hold the intensity information and the position qubits represent the spatial information. The strategy uses small patches of images rather than complete images to make it easy to implement. This will decrease the depth of circuit design and makes the approach less advanced to the near-term quantum hardware. IBM Qiskit simulations are used in assessing the performance of IP-QIR. The three types of grayscale images of which experiments are run are the synthetic image patches, SAR images and medical TB chest X-ray images. It is revealed that IP-QIR maintains the intensity information compared to the FRQI and NEQR. SAR and medical data can reach values of fidelity of 84.12\%. The other notable point is that the size of a 4 x 4 image patch only needs five qubits which are much lower than in NEQR. Meanwhile, good reconstruction accuracy is achieved. These findings demonstrate the fact that IP-QIR is an effective and realistic approach to quantum image representation on the NISQ-era quantum devices.
Quantum Image Processing (QIP)is an exciting new field showing a lot of promise as a powerful addition to the arsenal of Image Processing techniques. Representing image pixel by pixel using classical information requires an enormous amount of computational resources. Hence, exploring methods to represent images in a different paradigm of information is important. In this work, we study the representation of images in Quantum Information. The main motivation for this pursuit is the ability of storing N bits of classical information in only log(2N) quantum bits (qubits). The promising first step was the exponentially efficient implementation of the Fourier transform in quantum computers as compared to Fast Fourier Transform in classical computers. In addition, images encoded in quantum information could obey unique quantum properties like superposition or entanglement.
Quantum image representation (QIR) is a necessary part of quantum image processing (QIP) and plays an important role in quantum information processing. To address the problems that NCQI cannot handle images with inconsistent horizontal and vertical position sizes and multi-channel image processing, an improved color digital image quantum representation (INCQI) model based on NCQI is proposed in this paper. The INCQI model can process color images and facilitate multi-channel quantum image transformations and transparency information processing of images using auxiliary quantum bits. In addition, the quantum image control circuit was designed based on INCQI. And quantum image preparation experiments were conducted on IBM Quantum Experience (IBMQ) to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of INCQI quantum image preparation. The prepared image information was obtained by quantum measurement in the experiment, and the visualization of quantum information was successfully realized. The research in this paper has some reference value for the research related to QIP.