A quantum public-key cryptosystem without quantum channels between any two users using non-orthogonal states is provided in this paper. Every user keeps a set of quantum particles in non-orthogonal states in a key management center (KMC) as the public key while he or she keeps the states of them as the private key. By the help of KMC users can accomplish secret communication and message authentication. The laws of quantum physics guarantee the unconditional security of this cryptosystem. No entangled states or complex quantum operations are needed. On the other hand there are no quantum channels needed to connecting any two users. So the public-key cryptosystem is easier to carry out and more robust in practice.
In this paper a novel quantum teleportation based public-key cryptosystem ispresented that does not suppose the existence of quantum channels between anytwo arbitrary users. We assume the existence of a key storage and distributioncentre with which each user shares a set of GHZ triplets as her (public key,privatekey) pairs. To send an encrypted message , the user takes the help of quantumteleportation technology and the key storage and distribution centre. The lawsof quantum mechanics forbid any eavesdropping activity. Moreover we can alsocreate a digital signature by using the proposed scheme. The most crucial linkin the proposed scheme is quantum teleportation which has been realized inlaboratory for many years. So our proposed system can be easily realized withthe available quantum technology at the same time it is more robust againstpossible malicious attacks compared to existing schemes.