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Quantum Information Processing

Measurement-device-independent quantum wireless network communication

Yongli Yang, Yu-Guang Yang, Yi‐Hua Zhou, Wei‐Min Shi, Dan Li

Published Apr 1, 2022• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-022-03469-x

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We examine the applicability of wireless indoor quantum key distribution (QKD) in hybrid quantum-classical networks. We propose practical configurations that would enable wireless access to such networks. The proposed scenarios would allow an indoor wireless user, equipped with a QKD-enabled mobile device, to communicate securely with a remote party on the other end of the access network. QKD signals, sent through wireless indoor channels, are combined with classical ones and sent over the same fiber link to the remote user. Dense wavelength-division multiplexing would enable the simultaneous transmission of quantum and classical signals over the same fiber. We consider the adverse effects of the background noise induced by Raman scattered light on the QKD receivers due to such an integration. In addition, we consider the loss and the background noise that arise from indoor environments. Decoy-state BB84 and measurement device-independent protocols are employed for the secret key rate analysis.
Focusing on the application scenario where the underwater mobile platforms wirelessly access the cabled underwater information networks to achieve communication, an underwater access scheme for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution is proposed to ensure communication security. Based on the analysis of the optical characteristics of the seawater channel, an underwater access model of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution is constructed, simulated and analyzed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme. The simulation results show that the maximum secure access distance of the scheme (under extreme conditions) can be extended from 147 meters to 230 meters or even 451 meters as the seawater type changes from turbid seawater to moderately turbid seawater to clear seawater. The vacuum + weak decoy state scheme can obtain performance that is very close to this limit. After considering the effect of finite data-set size, the performance of the scheme is reduced, but it can still meet the application requirements of underwater mobile platform access within a certain range. In practical applications, measures such as deploying wired communication buoys at network nodes can be used to further expand the effective access range.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) can serve large numbers of users with unconditional secure communication, in which measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD protocol can conveniently enhance realistic security by eliminating all detector side channels. In multi-user scenarios, MDI-QKD networks should meet the requirements of reliability and robustness. Around the issues, we complete a series of work on performance improvement, low-cost deployment, and robust networking. First is to answer how to change the trusted node to the untrusted node with low cost, here we propose and demonstrate an MDIQKD which is compatible with phase encoding BB84 networks, allowing for economical deployment of MDI-QKD networks and reconciliation between high key rate and high realistic security in the same network. Then we make the MDI networks more robust. We design an MDI-QKD networking scheme for multi-user access where more than two users can generate keys synchronously regardless of aligning reference frames and compensating channel disturbance on polarization. Third, we find a general method to distil secure keys from quantum discord, which is different to the previous entanglement-based frameworks of MDI-QKD, allowing imperfect preparation and measurement of quantum states. The series of work can help the practical application of MDI-QKD networks, and promote the development of quantum networks.