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Non-locality, Non-separability And The Fundamental Nature Of Quantum Mechanics

Navjot Singh Gadda

Published May 3, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This is the subject of many works, starting from John Bell \cite{1}. The approach of this review is however, somewhat different, although the quantum non-separability problem is also posed in a similar way. Indeed the problem posed by the quantum formalism, in the two slit experiment for instance, is to find a model, compatible with the same experimental data as in Copenhagen.

DOI
10.31219/osf.io/6sv7e

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This is the subject of many works, starting from John Bell \cite{1}. The approach of this review is however, somewhat different, although the quantum non-separability problem is also posed in a similar way. Indeed the problem posed by the quantum formalism, in the two slit experiment for instance, is to find a model, compatible with the same experimental data as in Copenhagen.
By 1935, the Copenhagen interpretation had become the orthodoxy. Einstein needed to find a situation in which it is possible in principle to acquire knowledge of the state of a quantum system without disturbing it in any way. Working with two young theorists, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, Einstein devised an extraordinarily cunning challenge based on entangled particles. We can discover the state of one particle with certainty by making measurements on its entangled partner. All we have to assume is that the particles are local: any measurement we make on one in no way affects or disturbs the other. Through the work of David Bohm and John Bell, the challenge posed by EPR became accessible to experiment, and Bell devised a simple test for all locally realistic theories. All the experiments performed to date suggest that the standard quantum formalism is correct: in any realistic interpretation, quantum particles are non-local.
We review John Stewart Bell's works from a historical perspective and analyze his arguments regarding nonlocality as he developed them from 1964 until his sudden and unexpected death in 1990. Although the alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem, that relation is usually inappropriately posed and disagrees with Bell's own formulation. The departure from the clear line of reasoning that Bell tried to convey has contributed to a polarization of part of the scientific community into radical irreconcilable positions. We show how the correct appreciation of Bell's rationale calls for reformulating a widespread argument on quantum nonlocality yielding a more balanced perspective of the problem. We highlight a more formal proof of quantum mechanics' violation of local causality. Finally, we mention a few alternatives that may justify considering quantum mechanics as a local theory.
We review John Stewart Bell's works and analyze his arguments regarding nonlocality as he developed them from 1964 until his sudden and unexpected death in 1990. Although the alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem, that relation is usually inappropriately posed and disagrees with Bell's own formulation. The departure from the clear line of reasoning that Bell tried to convey has contributed to a polarization of part of the scientific community. That the interpretation of a result whose empirical verification deserved a Nobel Prize remains so controversial is unfortunate. We show how the correct appreciation of Bell's rationale calls for reformulating a widespread argument on quantum nonlocality, yielding a more balanced perspective of the problem. We highlight a more formal proof of quantum mechanics' violation of local causality. Finally, we mention a few alternatives that may justify considering quantum mechanics as a local theory.