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Regular LDPC Lattices are Capacity-Achieving

Mohammad‐Reza Sadeghi, Amin Sakzad

Published Apr 10, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The concept and existence of sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving lattices has been explained on AWGN channels by Forney. LDPC lattices, introduced by Sadeghi, perform very well under iterative decoding algorithm. In this work, we focus on an ensemble of regular LDPC lattices. We produce and investigate an ensemble of LDPC lattices with known properties. It is shown that these lattices are sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving. As byproducts we find the minimum distance, coding gain, kissing number and an upper bound for probability of error for this special ensemble of regular LDPC lattices.

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The concept and existence of sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving lattices has been explained on AWGN channels by Forney. LDPC lattices, introduced by Sadeghi, perform very well under iterative decoding algorithm. In this work, we focus on an ensemble of regular LDPC lattices. We produce and investigate an ensemble of LDPC lattices with known properties. It is shown that these lattices are sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving. As byproducts we find the minimum distance, coding gain, kissing number and an upper bound for probability of error for this special ensemble of regular LDPC lattices.
The concept and existence of sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving lattices has been explained on AWGN channels by Forney. LDPC lattices, introduced by Sadeghi, perform very well under iterative decoding algorithm. In this work, we focus on an ensemble of regular LDPC lattices. We produce and investigate an ensemble of LDPC lattices with known properties. It is shown that these lattices are sphere-bound-achieving and capacity-achieving. As byproducts we find the minimum distance, coding gain, kissing number and an upper bound for probability of error for this special ensemble of regular LDPC lattices.
This correspondence studies the performance of the iterative decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles that have linear typical minimum distance and stopping set size. We first obtain a lower bound on the achievable rates of these ensembles over memoryless binary-input output-symmetric channels. We improve this bound for the binary erasure channel. We also introduce a method to construct the codes meeting the lower bound for the binary erasure channel. Then, we give upper bounds on the rate of LDPC codes with linear minimum distance when their right degree distribution is fixed. We compare these bounds to the previously derived upper bounds on the rate when there is no restriction on the code ensemble.
In this paper, we introduce new sequences (lambdan, rhon) of capacity achieving low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensembles over the binary erasure channel (BEC). These sequences include the existing sequences by Shokrollahi as a special case. For a fixed code rate R, in the set of proposed sequences, Shokrollahipsilas sequences are superior to the rest of the set in that for any given value of n, their threshold is closer to the capacity upper bound 1 - R. For any given delta, 00, such that for any n > n0, the sequence (lambdan, rhon) requires a smaller maximum variable node degree as well as a smaller number of constituent variable node degrees to achieve a threshold within delta-neighborhood of the capacity upper bound 1 - R. Moreover, we prove that the check-regular subset of the proposed sequences are asymptotically quasi-optimal, i.e., their decoding complexity per iteration increases only logarithmically with the relative increase of the threshold. A stronger result on asymptotic optimality of some of the proposed sequences is also established.
This paper investigates the performance of a class of irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes through a recently published low complexity upper bound on their beliefpropagation decoding thresholds. Moreover, their performance analysis is carried out through a recently published algorithmic method, presented in Babich et al. 2017 paper. In particular, the class considered is characterized by variable node degree distributions λ(x)\lambda(x)λ(x) of minimum degree i1>2i_1 \gt 2i1​>2: being, in this case, λ′(0)=λ2=0\lambda^{'} (0)=\lambda_2=0λ′(0)=λ2​=0, this is useful to design LDPC codes presenting a linear minimum distance growth with the block length with probability 1, as shown in Di et al.’s 2006 paper. These codes unfortunately cannot reach capacity under iterative decoding, since the achievement of capacity requires λ2≠0\lambda_2 \neq 0λ2​=0. However, in this latter case, the block error probability might converge to a constant, as shown in the aforementioned paper.
We analyze the convergence behavior of iteratively decoded coupled LDPC codes from a complexity point of view. It can be observed that the thresholds of coupled regular LDPC codes approach capacity as the node degrees and the number L of coupled blocks tend to infinity. The absence of degree two variable nodes in these capacity achieving ensembles implies for any fixed L a doubly exponential decrease of the error probability with the number of decoding iterations I, which guarantees a vanishing block error probability as the overall length n of the coupled codes tends to infinity at a complexity of O(n log n). On the other hand, an initial number of iterations Ibris required until this doubly exponential decrease can be guaranteed, which for the standard flooding schedule increases linearly with L. This dependence of the decoding complexity on L can be avoided by means of efficient message passing schedules that account for the special structure of the coupled ensembles.