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Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP)

Propagation of Quantum Squeezed Light through a Non-Hermitian Bilayer: Effective Medium Theory

Elnaz Pilehvar, Ehsan Amooghorban, Mohammad Kazem Moravvej‐Farshi

Published Mar 4, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the dispersion and medium effects of non-Hermitian bilayer structures consisting of gain and loss layers on the squeezing property of an obliquely incident squeezed light for s- and p-polarized light, in particular at a discrete set of frequencies for which these structures hold PT-symmetric. For this purpose, we calculate the quadrature squeezing of the output state using the QOEMT. The results show although the squeezing property of the output light is retained for the incident frequency farther from the emission frequency of the gain layer, the output light is not squeezed in the PT-symmetric phase.

DOI
10.1109/wrap54064.2022.9758355

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In this paper, we investigate the dispersion and medium effects of non-Hermitian bilayer structures consisting of gain and loss layers on the squeezing property of an obliquely incident squeezed light for s- and p-polarized light, in particular at a discrete set of frequencies for which these structures hold PT-symmetric. For this purpose, we calculate the quadrature squeezing of the output state using the QOEMT. The results show although the squeezing property of the output light is retained for the incident frequency farther from the emission frequency of the gain layer, the output light is not squeezed in the PT-symmetric phase.
Abstract We investigate the propagation of a normally incident squeezed coherent state of light through dispersive non-Hermitian optical bilayers, particularly at a frequency that the bilayers hold parity-time (𝒫𝒯) symmetry. To check the realization of 𝒫𝒯-symmetry in quantum optics, we reveal how dispersion and loss/gain-induced noises and thermal effects in such bilayers can affect quantum features of the incident light, such as squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics. The numerical results show thermally induced noise at room temperature has an insignificant effect on the propagation properties in these non-Hermitian bilayers. Moreover, tuning the bilayers’ loss/gain strength, we show that the transmitted squeezed coherent states through the structure can retain to some extent their nonclassical characteristics, specifically for the frequencies far from the emission frequency of the gain layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate, only below a critical value of gain, quantum optical effective medium theory can correctly predict the propagation of quantized waves in non-Hermitian and 𝒫𝒯-symmetric bilayers.
Employing a second-quantization of the electromagnetic field in the presence of media with both gain and loss, we investigate the propagation of the squeezed coherent state of light through a dispersive non-Hermitian multilayered structure, in particular at a discrete set of frequencies for which this structure is P T -symmetric. We detail and generalize this study to cover various angles of incidence and s- and p-polarizations to reveal how dispersion, gain/loss-induced noises in such multilayered structures affect nonclassical properties of the incident light, such as squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics. Varying the loss layers’ coefficient, we demonstrate a squeezed coherent state, when transmits through the structure whose gain and loss layers have unidentical bulk permittivities, retains its nonclassical features to some extent. Our results show by increasing the number of unit cells and incident angle, the quantum features of the transmitted state for both polarizations degrade.
We investigate the medium effect of a parity-time (PT)-symmetric bilayer on the quantum optical properties of an incident squeezed light at zero temperature (T=0 K).To do so, we use the canonical quantization approach and describe the amplification and dissipation properties of the constituent layers of the bilayer structure by Lorentz model to analyze the quadrature squeezing of the outgoing state from the bilayer structure.Our results show that despite the apparent compensation of the losses within the bilayer in the symmetry phase, the outgoing light is no longer squeezed.The results also show that the quantum optical effective medium theory correctly predicts the quantum features of the light outgoing from the PT-symmetric bilayer structure.
We analyze the modification of non-classical properties of a quantum squeezed light upon perpendicular propagation through a parity-time (PT) symmetric medium composed of an ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms at zero temperature. To do so, we first model the optical parameters of the PT-symmetric Rydberg atomic medium by a 16-layer gain and a 16-layer loss with identical thicknesses and stepwise homogeneous material parameters. Then, we calculate the quadrature squeezing of the outgoing light after scattering by the structure. The results show that the output light at the Rabi frequency of the probe field Ωp=0.05 MHz is no longer squeezed in the PT-symmetry and broken phase regimes.
To examine the second-order coherence of light propagation of quantum states in arbitrary directions through dispersive non-Hermitian optical media, we considered two sets of non-Hermitian periodic structures that consist of gain/loss unit cells. We show that each batch can satisfy the parity-time symmetry conditions at a distinct frequency. We then varied the gain/loss strength in the stable electromagnetic regime to evaluate the transmittance of N-photon number states through each structure. The results show both sets preserve their antibunching characteristics under specific incident light conditions. Furthermore, s(p)-polarized light exhibits higher (lower) second-order coherence at larger incident angles. In addition, the antibunching features of the transmitted states degrade with an increase in the number of unit cells in multilayered structures for both polarizations.
The possibility of generating light in a squeezed quantum state during saturated light amplification in a semiconductor amplifier is theoretically analyzed. Due to four-wave mixing process during amplification, weak components of the spontaneous emission of the medium with symmetric frequency shifts relative to the strong amplified wave acquire the quantum properties of two-mode squeezed light. The squeezing of quadrature components occurs in the range of frequency shifts of several GHz (∼\sim∼ the inverse relaxation time of the charge carrier density) and can reach 10 dB or more under optimal conditions. The formation of a two-mode squeezing phase facilitates the observation of the squeezing effect, in which a strong wave, playing the role of a local wave, exhibits quadrature noise suppression without additional homodyne detection.