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Micromachines

Enhanced Phonon Antibunching in a Circuit Quantum Acoustodynamical System Containing Two Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators

Tai-Shuang Yin, Guangri Jin, Aixi Chen

Published Apr 9, 2022• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme to implement the phonon antibunching and phonon blockade in a circuit quantum acoustodynamical system containing two surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators coupled to a superconducting qubit. In the cases of driving only one SAW resonator and two SAW resonators, we investigate the phonon statistics by numerically calculating the second-order correlation function. It is found that, when only one SAW cavity is resonantly driven, the phonon antibunching effect can be achieved even when the qubit-phonon coupling strength is smaller than the decay rates of acoustic cavities. This result physically originates from the quantum interference between super-Poissonian statistics and Poissonian statistics of phonons. In particular, when the two SAW resonators are simultaneously driven under the mechanical resonant condition, the phonon antibunching effect can be significantly enhanced, which ultimately allows for the generation of a phonon blockade. Moreover, the obtained phonon blockade can be optimized by regulating the intensity ratio of the two SAW driving fields. In addition, we also discuss in detail the effect of system parameters on the phonon statistics. Our work provides an alternative way for manipulating and controlling the nonclassical effects of SAW phonons. It may inspire the engineering of new SAW-based phonon devices and extend their applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.3390/mi13040591

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We propose a scheme to implement the phonon antibunching and phonon blockade in a circuit quantum acoustodynamical system containing two surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators coupled to a superconducting qubit. In the cases of driving only one SAW resonator and two SAW resonators, we investigate the phonon statistics by numerically calculating the second-order correlation function. It is found that, when only one SAW cavity is resonantly driven, the phonon antibunching effect can be achieved even when the qubit-phonon coupling strength is smaller than the decay rates of acoustic cavities. This result physically originates from the quantum interference between super-Poissonian statistics and Poissonian statistics of phonons. In particular, when the two SAW resonators are simultaneously driven under the mechanical resonant condition, the phonon antibunching effect can be significantly enhanced, which ultimately allows for the generation of a phonon blockade. Moreover, the obtained phonon blockade can be optimized by regulating the intensity ratio of the two SAW driving fields. In addition, we also discuss in detail the effect of system parameters on the phonon statistics. Our work provides an alternative way for manipulating and controlling the nonclassical effects of SAW phonons. It may inspire the engineering of new SAW-based phonon devices and extend their applications in quantum information processing.
Abstract The experimental investigation of quantum devices incorporating mechanical resonators has opened up new frontiers in the study of quantum mechanics at a macroscopic level. It has recently been shown that surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be piezoelectrically coupled to superconducting qubits, and confined in high-quality Fabry–Perot cavities in the quantum regime. Here we present measurements of a device in which a superconducting qubit is coupled to a SAW cavity, realising a surface acoustic version of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We use measurements of the AC Stark shift between the two systems to determine the coupling strength, which is in agreement with a theoretical model. This quantum acoustodynamics architecture may be used to develop new quantum acoustic devices in which quantum information is stored in trapped on-chip acoustic wavepackets, and manipulated in ways that are impossible with purely electromagnetic signals, due to the 10 5 times slower mechanical waves.
Photon blockade via a giant self-Kerr nonlinearity in an optical resonator induced by an N-type quantum system is one of the main routines towards photon-based quantum information processing. However, such an N-type system for phonons is lacking. We propose an effective N-type quantum system for phonons, forming from a superconducting transmon qubit and a microwave resonator. In the absence of any external driving, the quantum vacuum-qubit interaction causes the surface acoustic wave (SAW) phonon blockade. Such a vacuum-induced phonon blockade paves the way to prepare single SAW phonons from a weak coherent phononic state for SAW accessible superconducting quantum computation.
Phononic resonators are becoming increasingly important in quantum information science, both for applications in quantum computing, communication, and sensing as well as in experiments investigating fundamental physics. Here, we study the decoherence of phonons confined in a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator strongly coupled $(g/2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\approx}9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz})$ to a superconducting transmon qubit. By comparing experimental data with numerical solutions to the Markovian master equation, we report a surface phononic energy decay rate of ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{1}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=480\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$ and a pure dephasing rate of ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}/2\ensuremath{\pi}=180\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$. These rates are in good agreement with the level of decoherence we extract from qubit-assisted spectroscopic measurements of the SAW resonator. We additionally find that the timescales over which coherent driven dynamics and decoherence occur are comparable, highlighting the need to model the composite device as an open quantum system. We discuss possible sources of decoherence in SAW-based quantum acoustic devices and the application of these devices in future quantum acoustic dissipation engineering experiments. The decoherence characterization techniques we employ are broadly applicable for investigating and benchmarking the effects of loss and dephasing on mechanical resonators in the quantum regime.
We propose how to generate the entanglement of two long-lived phonon modes in a circuit quantum acoustodynamics system, which consists of a multi-mode high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator and a transmon-type superconducting qubit. Two acoustic modes couple to the qubit through piezoelectric interaction, and the qubit is driven by a microwave field. Under the condition of far detuning between the qubit and acoustic modes, the qubit can be eliminated adiabatically, and thus establishing the indirect interaction between the two acoustic modes. We demonstrate that such the indirect interaction can be the parametric-amplification-type interaction by appropriately choosing the drive frequency and strength, so the entanglement between acoustic modes can be created by the direct unitary evolution. We numerically analyze the parameter conditions for generating the entanglement in detail and evaluate the influence of system dissipations and noise. The results show that the scheme can be realized using currently available parameters and has strong robustness against the dissipations and environmental temperature. This work may provide efficient resource for the quantum information processing based on the phononic systems.
We propose how to generate the entanglement of two long-lived phonon modes in a circuit quantum acoustodynamics system, which consists of a multimode high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator and a transmon-type superconducting qubit. Two acoustic modes couple to the qubit through piezoelectric interaction, and the qubit is driven by a microwave field. Under the condition of far detuning between the qubit and acoustic modes, the qubit can be eliminated adiabatically, thus establishing the indirect interaction between the two acoustic modes. We demonstrate that such an indirect interaction can be a parametric-amplification-type interaction by appropriately choosing the drive frequency and strength, so the entanglement between acoustic modes can be created by the direct unitary evolution. We numerically analyze the parameter conditions for generating the entanglement in detail and evaluate the influence of system dissipations and noise. The results show that the scheme can be realized using currently available parameters and has strong robustness against the dissipations and the environmental temperature. This work may provide an efficient resource for the quantum information processing based on the phononic systems.
Phonon blockade is an important quantum effect for revealing the quantum behaviors of mechanical systems. For a nitrogen-vacancy center spin strongly coupled to a mechanical resonator via the second-order magnetic gradient, we show that the qubit driving can lead to the implementation of the two-phonon blockade, while the usual mechanical driving only allows for the appearance of a single-phonon blockade. As a signature, we investigate three-phonon antibunching with a simultaneous two-phonon bunching process by numerically calculating the second-order and third-order correlation functions. We also analyze in detail the influence of the system parameters (including the qubit driving strength, the dephasing rate of the qubit, as well as the thermal phonon number) on the quality of the two-phonon blockade effect. Our work provides an alternative method for extending the concept of a phonon blockade from a single phonon to multiphonon. It is of direct relevance for the engineering of multiphonon quantum coherent devices and thus has potential applications in quantum information processing.