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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Ground-state phase diagrams in spin–orbit coupled spin-3 Bose–Einstein condensates

Ji-Guo Wang, Yueqing Li, Shi-Jie Yang

Published Mar 23, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physa.2022.127244

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We consider the SU(3) spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates in a two-dimensional harmonic trap. The competition between the SU(3) spin–orbit coupling and the spin-exchange interaction results in a rich variety of lattice configurations. The ground-state phase diagram spanned by the isotropic SU(3) spin–orbit coupling and the spin–spin interaction is presented. Five ground-state phases can be identified on the phase diagram, including the plane wave phase, the stripe phase, the kagome lattice phase, the stripe-honeycomb lattice phase, and the honeycomb hexagonal lattice phase. The system undergoes a sequence of phase transitions from the rectangular lattice phase to the honeycomb hexagonal lattice phase, and to the triangular lattice phase in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with anisotrpic SU(3) spin–orbit coupling.
We provide complete phase diagrams describing the ground state of a trapped spinor Bose-Einstein condensate under the combined effects of rotation and a Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The interplay between the different parameters (magnitude of rotation, strength of the spin-orbit coupling, and interaction) leads to a rich ground-state physics that we classify. We explain some features analytically in the Thomas-Fermi approximation, writing the problem in terms of the total density, total phase, and spin. In particular, we analyze the giant skyrmion and find that it is of degree 1 in the strong-segregation case. In some regions of the phase diagrams, we relate the patterns to a ferromagnetic energy.