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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Efficient interfacing of GHz and MHz bandwidth single-photon pulses

Filip Sośnicki, Michał Mikołajczyk, Ali Golestani, Adam Widomski, Michał Karpiński

Published Mar 9, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate efficient reduction of heralded telecom single-photon spectral bandwidth by a factor exceeding 220, from 130 GHz to below 550 MHz. The transformation is achieved in an all-fiber setup using dispersive stretching and complex electro-optic phase modulation. The approach is deterministic and results in a 27-fold increase in photon detection probability at the target wavelength. Combined with system transmission of 40% the interface enables increasing the single-photon flux into a spectrally narrowband absorber by a factor of 11. Our approach may enable efficient interfacing matter-based quantum systems with high-rate quantum communication channels and pulsed entangled photon pair sources.

DOI
10.1117/12.2608608

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arXiv:2508.15886•Physical Review Letters•Jan 7, 2026•3 citations
We experimentally demonstrate efficient reduction of heralded telecom single-photon spectral bandwidth by a factor exceeding 220, from 130 GHz to below 550 MHz. The transformation is achieved in an all-fiber setup using dispersive stretching and complex electro-optic phase modulation. The approach is deterministic and results in a 27-fold increase in photon detection probability at the target wavelength. Combined with system transmission of 40% the interface enables increasing the single-photon flux into a spectrally narrowband absorber by a factor of 11. Our approach may enable efficient interfacing matter-based quantum systems with high-rate quantum communication channels and pulsed entangled photon pair sources.
We experimentally demonstrate spectral manipulation of heralded single photons by electro-optic temporal phase modulation employing complex, Fresnel-like wide-band electronic waveforms. We show spectral compression of classical telecom light enhancing its maximal intensity by over 80, by compressing its full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth from 0.856 nm down to 3.1 pm (383 MHz), thus achieving a compression factor of over 270. We show a compression gain by increasing the aperture of a Fresnel time lens (temporal waveform duration). We demonstrate a similar compression on a single-photon level from ~1.5 nm (~190 GHz) down to the sub-2GHz regime. Our findings should significantly improve the performance of future quantum information processors based on hybrid quantum networks.
Spectral-temporal manipulation of optical pulses has enabled numerous developments within a broad range of research topics, ranging from fundamental science to practical applications. Within quantum optics spectral-temporal degree of freedom of light offers a promising platform for integrated photonic quantum information processing. An important challenge in experimentally realizing spectral-temporal manipulation of quantum states of light is the need for highly efficient manipulation tools. In this context the intrinsically deterministic electro-optic methods show great promise for quantum applications. We experimentally demonstrate application of electro-optic platform for spectral-temporal manipulation of ultrashort pulsed quantum light. Using techniques analogous to serrodyne frequency shifting we show active spectral translation of few-picosecond single photon pulses by up to 0.5 THz. By employing an approach based on an electro-optic time lens we demonstrate up to 6-fold spectral compression of heralded single photon pulses with efficiency that enables us to significantly increase single photon flux through a narrow bandpass filter. We realize the required temporal phase manipulation by driving a lithium niobate waveguided electrooptic modulator with 33 dBm sinusoidal RF field at the frequency of either 10 GHz or 40 GHz. We use a phase lock loop to temporally lock the RF field to the 80 MHz repetition rate of approximately 1 ps long optical pulses. Heralded single photon wavepackets are generated by means of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal, which enables preparation of spectrally pure single photon wavepackets without the need for spectral filtering. Spectral shifting is achieved by locking single-photon pulses to the linear slope of sinusoidal 40 GHz RF phase modulation. We verify the spectral shift by performing spectrally resolved heralded single photon counting, using frequency-to-time conversion by means of a highly dispersive chirped fiber Bragg grating. We verify the non-classicality of spectrally shifted single photons by measuring high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference using a reference single photon pulse. Spectral compression is based on the time lens principle, which requires locking optical pulses to approximately quadratic region of sinusoidal phase modulation. We utilize both 10 GHz and 40 GHz RF driving frequencies. Bandwidth compression is achieved by chirping the single photon pulse using an appropriate length of single-mode fibre and subsequently subjecting it to the action of the time lens. We verify spectral compression directly using the aforementioned spectrally-resolved heralded single photon counting method. We achieve 3-fold spectral compression of 2 nm bandwidth single photon pulses using 40 GHZ modulation frequency, and 6-fold spectral compression of 0.9 nm bandwidth single photon pulses using 10 GHz modulation frequency. Overall transmission of our set-up exceeding 30% enables practical usability of our spectral compression method which we demonstrate experimentally by showing an increased photon flux through a narrowband filter. Our results present an important contribution towards implementing quantum information processing in the spectral-temporal degree of freedom of a photon. In the context of quantum networks they present an enabling tool towards efficient photonic interfacing of different quantum information processing platforms.
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of light is crucial in classical and quantum applications including communication, spectroscopy, imaging, and signal processing. Such capabilities also offer potential for interfacing disparate quantum systems in quantum networking and for quantum information processing. We experimentally demonstrate deterministic, broadband frequency control of heralded telecom-band single photons via cross-phase modulation in a short length of single-mode fiber. An intense, ultrafast pump pulse imposes a transient, intensity-dependent refractive-index gradient which imparts a tunable phase shift on the single photons. We present absolute frequency shifts of up to +6.42±0.06 THz and -5.82±0.02 THz, and bandwidth manipulation ranging from a factor of 0.76±0.03 to 7.1±0.4 times that of the input. Spectral measurements are acquired with a time-of-flight spectrometer and superconducting nanowire detectors. Our scheme offers a compact and scalable route to spectral routing and bandwidth engineering for ultrafast quantum networking and quantum information processing.