This article proposes a new refined definition of light, which makes it possible to harmonize the wave and corpuscular concepts of this object of matter and quantitative relations that describe the wave-corpuscular nature of the phenomena of interference, diffraction, dispersion, polarization, external and internal photoeffects as phenomena as well as such electroluminescence and photoluminescence associated with light.
This article proposes a new refined definition of light, which makes it possible to harmonize the wave and corpuscular concepts of this object of matter and quantitative relations that describe the wave-corpuscular nature of the phenomena of interference, diffraction, dispersion, polarization, external and internal photoeffects as phenomena as well as such electroluminescence and photoluminescence associated with light.
Have you ever tried to define light? If so, your definition is probably related to vision, the ability to see things. The Merriam-Webster English dictionary defines light as “something that makes vision possible”. However, the definition of the “nature of light” is a complex term already discussed by philosophers of Ancient Greece. In the 17th century, the debate on the matter focused on whether light was a particle or a wave, based on the different properties of light that had been gradually discovered over time. Isaac Newton (1642−1727) was a defender of the corpuscular theory of light, which considered light to be formed by particles, i.e., small pieces of matter, like dust or grains of sand. He was the author of Opticks (1706), the front cover of which appears in Fig. 1.1. Christian Huygens (1629–1695), on the other hand, supported the theory that light is a wave. These are two completely different definitions of the same physical concept. A range of experiments were developed to attempt to clarify this dilemma, but it was only until 1900 when Max Planck (1858-1947) introduced the basis of a theory that would go on to revolutionize scientific thinking, marking the beginning of modern physics: quantum theory. Developed during the 20th century thanks to advances made by scientists such as Niels Bohr, Born, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Pauli, Dirac, Einstein or de Broglie, quantum theory clarified that light is neither a particle nor a wave, but that it has a dual nature: it behaves like a wave as it spreads but like a particle in its interactions with matter. In this book, we will specify where necessary whether light behaves as a particle or as a wave, although in most cases we refer to rays of light, which always represent the direction of propagation of light.
The nature of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena, including light, is not fully clear. Postulated rejection of EM ether as a hypothetical habitat and distribution of EM waves, holds in the uncertainty and the problem of understanding the existence of most of these waves, because the notion of "wave" inseparable from the concept of "environment". EM ether, as a hypothetical environment of origin and propagation of EM waves, was declined by postulate. This keeps the uncertainty in the problem of understanding the existence of these waves actually, since the definition of "wave" is an part of the definition of "environment". The input in physics of the concept of wave "coherence", which was necessary to explain the phenomenon of interference of light, also requires a transparent physical interpretation. Today use of the idea of the several-meters - length wave zugs, which are emitted by individual atoms, is at least unconvincing, thus there is technical ability to generate powerful light pulses of 10-15 s. A quantum model of the structure of the optical packet stream, which provides a transparent physical interpretation of all parameters of coherent light, is offered. In this model parameters of coherence are organically linked with the geometry parameters of the quantum packets. Developments of classical wave optics will not be discarded. To coordinate with the quantum-packet model and modern views about the nature of light, we either give them a new interpretation or adjust, or develop these developments. In particular, a new interpretation of the experimental fact increase the radius of coherence of light coming from distant sources (stars) is offered. Modern conception of light corpuscles-photons is formulated. The estimations of the size of the spatial localization of the photon is received. "Diffraction of photons" is considered.
This work is a part of unpublished ideas about fundamental physics and there evolution over time. In this paper, I started by speaking about light and its nature as the cornerstone of physics. Then we describe the evolution of ideas about light and interpretations of its nature in terms of waves and particles; A duality which lead us to suggest a new nature of light at a halfway between these two interpretations. We reinvented the photon that we renamed photillon. However, it remains to test this new approach in the interpretation of light-related phenomena. An attempt to interpret Young's interference fringes is made on the basis of this new conception of light and a new interpretation of the Planck constant has emerged naturally from this new nature.
The very nature of light has been the subject of philosophical consideration since antiquity. As a physical entity, many people have suggested that light has a corpuscular nature, formed of particles, while others have proposed a wave nature instead. Physical entities can be classified as either waves or particles. Waves spread out in space (diffraction), can pass through obstacles, and can be added to other waves (superposition). Particles, on the other hand, move in straight lines due to their inertia unless a force is exerted upon them. If they encounter an obstacle, they simply reverse direction. Light has both properties at the same time! So the questions to ask are: How is light classified? What is light, which we cannot see, but thanks to it, we see?
Light is magic of nature. It is not possible to survive for living-thing without light. Sun is a main source gives light and heat. Optics is the branch of Physics which deals with the study of light. Light shows different phenomenon such as reflection, refraction, dispersion, interference, diffraction, polarization etc. Interference is beauty of light in nature which explains many questions arises in our mind. In this book author tries to explain systematically with neat and clean photograph, diagram related to interference of light details. The language of this book has been kept simple as could be consistent with precision and brevity.
The contents of the article is mirrored in its title. In science the fact is well-known, that often opposite notions about that or diverse phenomenon result in identical end results, that produces bitter controversies of the opponents. The example can be served by century dispute between the supporters of the wave and corpuscular nature of light, dispute between a system of Ptolemy and Copernicus and many other conflictings in the most miscellaneous areas of science. The wave description of physical phenomena cannot be executed without of elastic medium (ether) in which one there is a wave process and is diffused by means of this elastic medium. Therefore description of wave phenomena in a solid, liquid and gas adequately mirrors the test datas and problems here does not arise. There, where the elastic medium misses, it is necessary to invent miscellaneous ruses to distribute the wave description and to these objects: empty world space (world ether in the miscellaneous fancy forms), internal space of atoms (wave functions of probability), fields (short-range interaction of fields by means of transfer of a disturbance from one point to other), electromagnetic radiation of the Maxwell (simultaneous oscillation magnetic and electrical field in an elastic medium). The wave description of world is fine is designed, since above it many generations of the known scientists worked, but main brake here it is necessary to have in stock an elastic medium. There, where it no or there are doubts in its existence, a field for critics there is opened. In the formal-mathematical description of the world the elastic medium is not necessary any more. Record a wave equation and decide it for the diversified cases. Though in mathematical relation such description of the world perfectly, but the physical sense of mathematical manipulations is lost. Specially it notably in a quantum mechanics. As a consequence, the similar description it is easy to subject a severe critic. To be salvaged from of intrusive critics, it is necessary to invent completely fancy notions about a microcosmos, which one do not have conformity in a macroworld. Thus, the unity of the world is upset, that directly contradicts fundamental laws of universe. The absence of physical sense is the main unremovable brake of the formal-mathematical description of the world. The corpuscular description of the world, basically, is a merit of Newton. Because of small number of the supporters of such description «have defeated» wave notions. The main brake for of corpuscular world was established by Newton, by formulating the law even and rectilinear motion of free bodies. This law has become force majeure for explanation of an interference, polarization and some other properties of light. Attempts to mate the wave description with corpuscular (wave-corpuscle dualism of microparticles [1]) are originally doomed on a fall because of a principled difference between a wave and particle. The ether is not necessary for the corpuscular description of the world in any to the form, therefore photon, for example, billions of years not «being spread» can move in space, that is impossible from the point of view of the wave description of its motion. The main lack of the corpuscular description of the world consists in incompletness of official toolkit for such description. Only new corpuscular quantum physics has entered notion about originating of a gravidynamic field at motion of gravitational charges and bound with this fact by screw motion of free bodies. It has allowed to revise many fundamental rules of classic physics and quantum mechanicses and to realise a capability of the corpuscular description of the world to the full. Unfortunately, it has taken place after in heads of the scientists strongly was fixed paradigm, designed Einstein and fathers of a quantum mechanics. This paradigm had time knock home in heads of millions students and even of the homemakers. In outcome new scientific paradigm on the basis of new physics meets aggressive hostility. It, certainly, temporary phenomenon and the victory new paradigm in science is foregone, as was already repeatedly. It is a pity, that this the temporary interval, usually, exceeds temporary existence of the person in the land of the living, and orthodoxes permanently self-reproduction by conservative science.