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Annals of Physics

Dimensional crossover of Bose–Einstein condensation of atomic gases in anisotropic harmonic traps

Chengtai Tan, Qi Wang, Xuerui Du, Yongli Ma

Published Mar 17, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2022.168843

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Multistep Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas in anisotropic harmonic atom traps is studied. In the presence of strong anisotropy realized by the different trap frequency in each direction, finite size effect dictates a series of dimensional crossovers into lower-dimensional excitations. Two-step condensation and the dynamical reduction of the effective dimension can appear in three separate steps. When the multistep behavior occurs, the occupation number of atoms excited in each dimension is shown to behave similarly as a function of the temperature. Multistep behaviors can be easily controlled by changing the degree of anisotropy. 1
Multistep Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas in anisotropic harmonic atom traps is studied. In the presence of strong anisotropy realized by the different trap frequency in each direction, the finite size effect dictates a series of dimensional crossovers into lower-dimensional excitations. Two-step condensation and the dynamical reduction of the effective dimension can appear in three separate steps. When the multistep behaviour occurs, the occupation number of atoms excited in each dimension is shown to behave similarly as a function of the temperature. Multistep behaviours can be easily controlled by changing the degree of anisotropy.
Bose–Einstein Condensation (BEC) of both the ideal and the weakly inter-acting cold alkali gases confined by anisotropic harmonic oscillator poten-tials is investigated in this paper. It is shown that the transition point is shifted towards lower temperatures because of the trapped potentials, and the specific heat below the transition point is no longer proportional to T 3/2 . Expressions of modified condensation temperature, internal energy and the specific heat are derived for the ideal trapped gases explicitly. Moreover, the effect of interactions among the atoms on the transition temperature is also given and discussed.