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Optics Express

Photon transport and interference of bound states in a one-dimensional waveguide

Yu Wang, Ya Jun Yang, Jing Lu, Lan Zhou

Published Apr 1, 2022• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the coherent scattering process of photons in two waveguides chiral coupling to a Λ-type three-level system (3LS). The 3LS acts as a few-photon router that can direct photons with unity. By adjusting the classical field applied to the 3LS, the tunneling paths between two waveguides can be turned off and on, but two photons can not be routed simultaneously from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide. Moreover, driven field controls the number of the bi-photon bound states and the interference pattern of the bi-photon bound states.

DOI
10.1364/oe.455294

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We study the coherent scattering process of photons in two waveguides chiral coupling to a Λ-type three-level system (3LS). The 3LS acts as a few-photon router that can direct photons with unity. By adjusting the classical field applied to the 3LS, the tunneling paths between two waveguides can be turned off and on, but two photons can not be routed simultaneously from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide. Moreover, driven field controls the number of the bi-photon bound states and the interference pattern of the bi-photon bound states.
Abstract A quantum router is one of the essential elements in the quantum network. Conventional routers only direct a single photon from one quantum channel into another. Here, we propose a few-photon router. The active element of the router is a single qubit chirally coupled to two independent waveguides simultaneously, where each waveguide mode provides a quantum channel. By introducing the operators of the scatter-free space and the controllable space, the output state of the one-photon and two-photon scattering are derived analytically. It is found that the qubit can direct one and two photons from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide with unity, respectively. However, two photons cannot be simultaneously routed to the same port due to the anti-bunch effect.
Abstract The photon router plays an essential role in the optical quantum network. However, conventional routers generally couple photons chirally into waveguides to achieve complete transmission from the input port to the required port. Here, we use non-chiral photon-atom interactions for targeted routing. The system consists of two V-type three-level atoms and two parallel waveguides. In addition, the two atoms are driven by external coherent fields, respectively. With a real-space Hamiltonian, the probability of photon transmitted to four ports can be obtained. The study shows that a single photon input from the left port of the waveguide-a can be deterministically transferred to any of the four ports of the two waveguides by adjusting the detuning of the atom and the driving field on the atom, as well as the distance between the two atoms.
We study correlated two-photon transport in a (quasi-)one-dimensional photonic waveguide coupled to a three-level Λ-type emitter driven by a classical light field. Two-photon correlation is much stronger in the waveguide for a driven three-level emitter (3LE) than a two-level emitter. The driven 3LE waveguide shows electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and we investigate the scaling of EIT for one and two photons. We show that the two transmitted photons are bunched together at any distance separation when energy of the incident photons meets "two-photon resonance" criterion for EIT.
We study the coherent transport of one or two photons in a one-dimensional waveguide chirally coupled to a nonlinear resonator. Analytic solutions of the one-photon and two-photon scattering is derived. Although the resonator acts as a non-reciprocal phase shifter, light transmission is reciprocal at one-photon level. However, the forward and reverse transmitted probabilities for two photons incident from either the left side or the right side of the nonlinear resonator are nonreciprocal due to the energy redistribution of the two-photon bound state. Hence, the nonlinear resonator acts as an optical diode at two-photon level.
The realization of the all-optical router with multiple input ports and output ports will have direct application to achieve the quantum network. We present a scheme of all-optical routing of coherent-state photons in a waveguide-cavity coupled system. Our router has four input ports and four output ports. The routing of photons is based on the interference. The outcomes show that the transport of the coherent-state photons injected through any input port can be controlled by the phases of the coherent-state photons injected through other input ports. This control can be realized at the single-photon level and requires no additional control fields. Therefore, the all-optical routing at single-photon level can be achieved.
We propose a single-photon router using a single atom with an inversion center coupled to quantum multichannels made of coupled-resonator waveguides. We show that the spontaneous emission of the atom can direct single photons from one quantum channel into another. The on-demand classical field perfectly switches off the single-photon routing due to the quantum interference in the atomic amplitudes of optical transitions. Total reflections in the incident channel are due to the photonic bound state in the continuum. Two virtual channels, named the scatter-free and controllable channels, are found, which are coherent superpositions of quantum channels. Any incident photon in the scatter-free channel is totally transmitted. The propagating states of the controllable channel are orthogonal to those of the scatter-free channel. Single photons in the controllable channel can be perfectly reflected or transmitted by the atom.