Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers

Generation of entangled photons via intracavity parametric down-conversion in edge-emitting semiconductor lasers

Alexey A. Belyanin, Mikhail D. Tokman, Yongrui Wang, Qianfan Chen, Leon Shterengas

Published Mar 9, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and design a high-brightness, ultra-compact electrically pumped GaSb-based laser source of polarization-entangled photons generated by intracavity parametric down-conversion of lasing modes. We develop a nonperturbative quantum theory of parametric down-conversion of waveguide modes which takes into account the effects of modal dispersion, group and phase mismatch, propagation, dissipation, and coupling to noisy reservoirs. We provide convenient analytic expressions for interpreting experimental results and predicting the performance of monolithic quantum photonic devices based on nonlinear wave mixing of laser modes.

DOI
10.1117/12.2609932

Related papers

Generation of entangled photons via parametric down-conversion in semiconductor lasers and integrated quantum photonic systems

Mikhail D. Tokman, Yongrui Wang, Qianfan Chen +2 more

We propose and design a high-brightness, ultracompact electrically pumped GaSb-based laser source of entangled photons generated by mode-matched intracavity parametric down-conversion of lasing modes. To describe the nonlinear mixing in highly dispersive and dissipative waveguides, we develop a nonperturbative quantum theory of parametric down-conversion of waveguide modes which takes into account the effects of modal dispersion, group and phase mismatch, propagation, dissipation, and coupling to noisy reservoirs. We extend our theory to the regime of quantized pump fields with an approach based on the propagation equation for the state vector which solves the nonperturbative boundary-value problem of the parametric decay of a quantized single-photon pump mode and can be generalized to include the effects of dissipation and noise. Our formalism is applicable to a wide variety of three-wave mixing propagation problems. It provides convenient analytic expressions for interpreting experimental results and predicting the performance of monolithic quantum photonic systems.

arXiv:2108.03528•Physical Review A•Mar 14, 2022•7 citations

Bragg reflection waveguides as integrated sources of entangled photon pairs

Sergei V. Zhukovsky, L. G. Helt, Payam Abolghasem +3 more

We explore the potential of versatile and efficient entangled photon pair generation by spontaneous parametric downconversion in Bragg reflection waveguides. By employing a quantum treatment of modes in channel waveguides, and by accounting for group velocity dispersion in the modes, the quantum state of the generated biphotons is realistically calculated. The pair production rate is predicted to reach 4×108 pairs/s/nm/mW of pump light in a 2 mm-long structure, on par with or exceeding the performance of previously reported designs. This is attributable to an enhanced nonlinear interaction through tight mode confinement in the waveguide. Strategies for device performance optimization and phase matching wavelength tunability are outlined and numerically demonstrated. The proposed design platform is versatile and allows photon pair generation with controllable flux, bandwidth, Schmidt number, and degree of polarization entanglement. The possibility of monolithic integration with a diode laser pump offers a way to design an electrically pumped entangled photon source.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 28, 2012•23 citations

Hyperentangled photon sources in semiconductor waveguides

Dongpeng Kang, L. G. Helt, Sergei V. Zhukovsky +3 more

We propose and analyze the performance of a technique to generate mode and polarization hyperentangled photons in monolithic semiconductor waveguides using two concurrent type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) processes.These two SPDC processes are achieved by waveguide engineering which allows for simultaneous modal phase matching with the pump beam in a higher-order mode.Paired photons generated in each process are cross polarized and guided by different guiding mechanisms, which produces entanglement in both polarization and spatial mode.Theoretical analysis shows that the output quantum state has a high quality of hyperentanglement by spectral filtering with a bandwidth of a few nanometers, while off-chip compensation is not needed.This technique offers a path to realize an electrically pumped hyperentangled photon source.

Physical Review A•Feb 19, 2014•24 citations

Two polarization-entangled sources from the same semiconductor chip

Dongpeng Kang, Minseok Kim, Haoyu He +1 more

Generating nonclassical states of photons such as polarization-entangled states on a monolithic chip is a crucial step towards practical applications of optical quantum information processing such as quantum computing and quantum key distribution. Here we demonstrate two polarization-entangled photon sources in a single monolithic semiconductor waveguide. The first source is achieved through the concurrent utilization of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes, namely, type-0 and type-I SPDC processes. The chip can also generate polarization-entangled photons via the type-II SPDC process, enabling the generation of both copolarized- and cross-polarized polarization-entangled photons in the same device. In both cases, polarization entanglement is generated directly on the chip without the use of any off-chip compensation, interferometry, or bandpass filtering. This enables direct, chip-based generation of both Bell states $(|H,H\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,V\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ and $(|H,V\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,H\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ simultaneously utilizing the same pump source. In addition, based on compound semiconductors, this chip can be directly integrated with it own pump laser. This technique ushers an era of self-contained, integrated, electrically pumped, room-temperature polarization-entangled photon sources.

arXiv:1511.01963•Physical Review A•Jul 13, 2015•16 citations

Photon-pair generation via down-conversion in III-V semiconductor microrings: Modal dispersion and quasi-phase-matching

Samuel E. Fontaine, Colin Vendromin, Trevor J. Steiner +7 more

We explore how III-V semiconductor microring resonators can efficiently generate photon pairs and squeezed vacuum states via spontaneous parametric down-conversion by utilizing their built-in quasi-phase-matching and modal dispersion. We present an analytic expression for the biphoton wave function of photon pairs generated by weak pump pulses and characterize the squeezed states that result under stronger pumping conditions. Our model includes loss and captures the statistics of the scattered photons. A detailed sample calculation shows that for low pump power conversion efficiencies of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, corresponding to a rate of 39 MHz for a pump power of $1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}$, are attainable for rudimentary structures such as a simple microring coupled to a waveguide, in both the continuous-wave and pulsed-excitation regimes. Our results suggest that high levels of squeezing and pump depletion are attainable, possibly leading to the deterministic generation of non-Gaussian states.

arXiv:2409.08230•Physical Review A•Feb 10, 2025•10 citations

Bragg reflection waveguide as a source of wavelength-multiplexed polarization-entangled photon pairs

Jiŕí Svozilík, Martin Hendrych, Juan P. Torres

We put forward a new highly efficient source of paired photons entangled in polarization with an ultra-large bandwidth. The photons are generated by means of a conveniently designed spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in a semiconductor type-II Bragg reflection waveguide. The proposed scheme aims at being a key element of an integrated source of polarization-entangled photon pairs highly suitable for its use in a multi-user quantum-key-distribution system.

arXiv:1207.4218•Optics Express•Jun 20, 2012•14 citations
We propose and design a high-brightness, ultra-compact electrically pumped GaSb-based laser source of polarization-entangled photons generated by intracavity parametric down-conversion of lasing modes. We develop a nonperturbative quantum theory of parametric down-conversion of waveguide modes which takes into account the effects of modal dispersion, group and phase mismatch, propagation, dissipation, and coupling to noisy reservoirs. We provide convenient analytic expressions for interpreting experimental results and predicting the performance of monolithic quantum photonic devices based on nonlinear wave mixing of laser modes.
We propose and design a high-brightness, ultracompact electrically pumped GaSb-based laser source of entangled photons generated by mode-matched intracavity parametric down-conversion of lasing modes. To describe the nonlinear mixing in highly dispersive and dissipative waveguides, we develop a nonperturbative quantum theory of parametric down-conversion of waveguide modes which takes into account the effects of modal dispersion, group and phase mismatch, propagation, dissipation, and coupling to noisy reservoirs. We extend our theory to the regime of quantized pump fields with an approach based on the propagation equation for the state vector which solves the nonperturbative boundary-value problem of the parametric decay of a quantized single-photon pump mode and can be generalized to include the effects of dissipation and noise. Our formalism is applicable to a wide variety of three-wave mixing propagation problems. It provides convenient analytic expressions for interpreting experimental results and predicting the performance of monolithic quantum photonic systems.
We explore the potential of versatile and efficient entangled photon pair generation by spontaneous parametric downconversion in Bragg reflection waveguides. By employing a quantum treatment of modes in channel waveguides, and by accounting for group velocity dispersion in the modes, the quantum state of the generated biphotons is realistically calculated. The pair production rate is predicted to reach 4×108 pairs/s/nm/mW of pump light in a 2 mm-long structure, on par with or exceeding the performance of previously reported designs. This is attributable to an enhanced nonlinear interaction through tight mode confinement in the waveguide. Strategies for device performance optimization and phase matching wavelength tunability are outlined and numerically demonstrated. The proposed design platform is versatile and allows photon pair generation with controllable flux, bandwidth, Schmidt number, and degree of polarization entanglement. The possibility of monolithic integration with a diode laser pump offers a way to design an electrically pumped entangled photon source.
We propose and analyze the performance of a technique to generate mode and polarization hyperentangled photons in monolithic semiconductor waveguides using two concurrent type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) processes.These two SPDC processes are achieved by waveguide engineering which allows for simultaneous modal phase matching with the pump beam in a higher-order mode.Paired photons generated in each process are cross polarized and guided by different guiding mechanisms, which produces entanglement in both polarization and spatial mode.Theoretical analysis shows that the output quantum state has a high quality of hyperentanglement by spectral filtering with a bandwidth of a few nanometers, while off-chip compensation is not needed.This technique offers a path to realize an electrically pumped hyperentangled photon source.
Generating nonclassical states of photons such as polarization-entangled states on a monolithic chip is a crucial step towards practical applications of optical quantum information processing such as quantum computing and quantum key distribution. Here we demonstrate two polarization-entangled photon sources in a single monolithic semiconductor waveguide. The first source is achieved through the concurrent utilization of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes, namely, type-0 and type-I SPDC processes. The chip can also generate polarization-entangled photons via the type-II SPDC process, enabling the generation of both copolarized- and cross-polarized polarization-entangled photons in the same device. In both cases, polarization entanglement is generated directly on the chip without the use of any off-chip compensation, interferometry, or bandpass filtering. This enables direct, chip-based generation of both Bell states $(|H,H\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,V\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ and $(|H,V\ensuremath{\rangle}+|V,H\ensuremath{\rangle})/\sqrt{2}$ simultaneously utilizing the same pump source. In addition, based on compound semiconductors, this chip can be directly integrated with it own pump laser. This technique ushers an era of self-contained, integrated, electrically pumped, room-temperature polarization-entangled photon sources.
We explore how III-V semiconductor microring resonators can efficiently generate photon pairs and squeezed vacuum states via spontaneous parametric down-conversion by utilizing their built-in quasi-phase-matching and modal dispersion. We present an analytic expression for the biphoton wave function of photon pairs generated by weak pump pulses and characterize the squeezed states that result under stronger pumping conditions. Our model includes loss and captures the statistics of the scattered photons. A detailed sample calculation shows that for low pump power conversion efficiencies of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, corresponding to a rate of 39 MHz for a pump power of $1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}$, are attainable for rudimentary structures such as a simple microring coupled to a waveguide, in both the continuous-wave and pulsed-excitation regimes. Our results suggest that high levels of squeezing and pump depletion are attainable, possibly leading to the deterministic generation of non-Gaussian states.