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SPIE Quantum West

Optically trapped atomic qubits

Jonathan P. King

Published Mar 4, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultracold neutral atoms have emerged as a leading platform for scalable quantum simulation, but can they be similarly used for gate-based quantum computation? In this talk, I will present an overview of major accomplishments in academia that have spurred multiple different startups to enter the quantum computing race, focusing on the use of neutral atoms as a scalable qubit platform. With these proof of principle demonstrations in mind, I will describe Atom Computing's first prototype system and recently announced use of a unique qubit to achieve bare coherence times in excess of 20 seconds. Utilizing qubit states that are broadly insensitive to the environment they are trapped in, this system is quickly becoming a testbed for how to build programmatic control into neutral atom systems that rivals other leading quantum computing platforms.

DOI
10.1117/12.2622825

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Ultracold neutral atoms have emerged as a leading platform for scalable quantum simulation, but can they be similarly used for gate-based quantum computation? In this talk, I will present an overview of major accomplishments in academia that have spurred multiple different startups to enter the quantum computing race, focusing on the use of neutral atoms as a scalable qubit platform. With these proof of principle demonstrations in mind, I will describe Atom Computing's first prototype system and recently announced use of a unique qubit to achieve bare coherence times in excess of 20 seconds. Utilizing qubit states that are broadly insensitive to the environment they are trapped in, this system is quickly becoming a testbed for how to build programmatic control into neutral atom systems that rivals other leading quantum computing platforms.
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Ultracold neutral atoms have emerged as a promising platform for scalable quantum computation. Universal single-qubit control requires high quality state preparation, spatially resolved manipulation, and projective readout of each qubit. For state preparation and readout, neutral atom platforms can apply techniques commonly used in quantum gas microscopes and single atom trapping machines. Furthermore, the ability to isolate the internal spin states of individual neutral atoms from both external fields and neighboring atoms allows for seconds-scale coherence times. Here, we will present progress on the coherent, site-resolved control of an array of atomic qubits comprised of neutral strontium atoms.
Quantum computation has emerged as a prominent research field with the potential to revolutionize information processing. Recent advancements have focused on extending qubit coherence times and enhancing error correction and fault-tolerant protocols, achieving coherence time to gate time ratios as high as 10⁸ and reducing error rates to as low as 0.143% ± 0.003% per cycle for 101 qubit system. The next critical challenge lies in scaling up qubit systems to support large-scale quantum computation that exceeds the performance of classical supercomputer. In this study, we summarize the working mechanisms, physical properties, gate operations, and limitations of three leading qubit platforms—superconducting qubits, trapped-ion qubits, and neutral atom qubits. Through a systematic comparison, we identify the key challenges that hinder qubit system scalability. Finally, we outline future research directions to address these challenges, including exploring the fundamental physics underpinning long coherence times, improving control tools such as laser systems, enhancing material quality and fabrication precision, and investigating hybrid quantum architectures. We hope this study offers a valuable perspective for researchers working toward the development of scalable and reliable quantum computing systems.
This talk provides an overview of worldwide efforts toward neutral atom quantum computing. While the talk will focus principally on NIST efforts, I will attempt to point out some of the important results from other groups while focusing on those aspects of neutral atoms that should make them an ideal candidate for quantum computing. Neutral atoms have two basic features that make them ideal. One is that they are among the best understood and controlled quantum systems known today, having led to Bose-Einstein condensation and the observation of the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott-insulator. The second feature that supports neutral atom quantum computing is that potential solutions for building a scalable quantum architectures based on neutral atoms already exist. The need for scalable quantum architectures, unfortunately places numerous constraints and requirements on physical systems. These requirements have been discussed by several authors; however, since the requirements are not widely known I will briefly review them along with their potential solutions for neutral atom systems. I will then conclude with a few speculative statements about the future of quantum computing and quantum information.
Abstract Quantum computers have the potential to solve problems that are difficult or impossible to address using classical modes of computation. Laser cooled neutral atoms at ultracold temperatures offer unique possibilities to study interacting many-body quantum systems which is at the heart of various quantum condensed matter phenomena. The first-generation neutral atom quantum computers for performing special purpose quantum computations was realized by trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices. These tunable and scalable machines provided tremendous opportunities to study various quantum phases of Bose and Fermi Hubbard models, topological phases, and non-equilibrium dynamics, with control over key system parameters enabling insightful explorations within specific quantum models. In a more recent advent, arrays of single neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as dark horse candidate for universal and fault tolerant quantum computing. Here, we review recent advances and achievements obtained with this platform and discuss future perspectives.