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Applied Sciences

Lifetime Measurement of Cesium Atoms Using a Cold Rydberg Gas

Rong Song, Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia

Published Mar 5, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The lifetimes of nS1/2 and nD5/2 (n = 60–83) cesium Rydberg states are measured accurately in a magneto-optical trap using the field ionization technique and analyzed with the existing theoretical model. The room temperature blackbody radiation (BBR) and interaction between Rydberg atoms can enhance the decay rate and reduce the spontaneous lifetime of the given Rydberg atom. The measured lifetime shows a good agreement with the calculation accounting a room temperature BBR at low enough Rydberg atomic density. The dependence of measured lifetime on atomic density shows that the collision and interaction between Rydberg atoms have a large effect on the lifetime at higher Rydberg atomic density. The scaling laws of n2.55±0.02 for nD5/2 state and n2.30±0.01 for nS1/2 state within n = 60–83 range are obtained and agreement with the model calculation with a relative deviation less than 3%.

DOI
10.3390/app12052713

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The lifetimes of nS1/2 and nD5/2 (n = 60–83) cesium Rydberg states are measured accurately in a magneto-optical trap using the field ionization technique and analyzed with the existing theoretical model. The room temperature blackbody radiation (BBR) and interaction between Rydberg atoms can enhance the decay rate and reduce the spontaneous lifetime of the given Rydberg atom. The measured lifetime shows a good agreement with the calculation accounting a room temperature BBR at low enough Rydberg atomic density. The dependence of measured lifetime on atomic density shows that the collision and interaction between Rydberg atoms have a large effect on the lifetime at higher Rydberg atomic density. The scaling laws of n2.55±0.02 for nD5/2 state and n2.30±0.01 for nS1/2 state within n = 60–83 range are obtained and agreement with the model calculation with a relative deviation less than 3%.
We measure the total collisional cross-sections of caesium Rydberg nD ( n =37–40) states by measuring the corresponding effective decay rates versus Rydberg atoms density in a conventional magneto-optical trap using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The results indicate that the large collisional cross-sections mainly come from the contribution of Rydberg atoms interactions. We also obtain the spontaneous radiative lifetimes of different Rydberg states by fitting experimental data, which are in agreement with the existing theoretical values within experimental error.
We measure the nS and nD (n = 30–40) state lifetimes of caesium Rydberg atoms in a conventional magneto-optical trap using the field ionization technique, which is consistent with the existing theoretical model through suppressing collisions and super-radiance effects. We also investigate variation of the lifetimes with densities of Rydberg atoms by changing the pulse energy of the dye laser. The results indicate that collisions and super-radiance effects have a large influence on the accuracy of lifetime measurement at high densities of Rydberg atoms.
We have studied ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. The calculations have been performed for n S, n P and n D states for principal quantum numbers n =8–65 at ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. The calculations take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of the measured ionization rates and their n dependence. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na n S and n D Rydberg states with n =8–20 at 300 K. Good agreement for all states except n S with n >15 is observed. Useful analytical formulae for quick estimates of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to measurements of collisional ionization rates is demonstrated.
Abstract We present precise measurements of polarizabilities of cesium nS1/2 (n = 65–75) Rydberg states by Stark spectroscopies. In experiment, Rydberg atoms are excited via a two-photon scheme of a standard magneto-optical trap and detected by the field ionization technique. The Stark shift is measured by analysing the spectroscopy under an external electric field. The polarizability, α, is acquired by fitting the experimental data of Stark shifts with Δ W = − 1 2 α E 2 . The theoretical model is applied to numerically simulate the Stark map and corresponding level shifts, related deviation between the experimental measurements and calculations are less than 2%. The scaling law of polarizabilities, A ⋅ ( n * ) 7 + B ⋅ ( n * ) 6 (n* is effective principal quantum number), is attained, that shows a good agreement with the measurements.
We have studied ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. The calculations have been performed for nS, nP and nD states for principal quantum numbers n=8-65 at ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. The calculations take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of the measured ionization rates and their n-dependence. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na nS and nD Rydberg states with n=8-20 at 300 K. A good agreement for all states except nS with n> 15 is observed. Useful analytical formulas for quick estimates of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to
In this paper, I review some recent high-precision Rydberg state lifetime measurements using a cold-trapped sample of neutral atoms held in a magneto-optical trap. The measurements were performed in rubidium for the S, P and D states varying the principal quantum number from n =26 to 45 using the field ionization technique. The experimental results were compared with quantum mechanical calculations and good agreement was observed. This is an important demonstration of how cold atomic samples can be used to perform high-precision spectroscopy in the time domain.