Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Entropy

Splitting an Arbitrary Three-Qubit State via a Five-Qubit Cluster State and a Bell State

Gang Xu, Tianai Zhou, Xiu‐Bo Chen, Xiaojun Wang

Published Mar 8, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum information splitting (QIS) provides an idea for transmitting the quantum state through a classical channel and a preshared quantum entanglement resource. This paper presents a new scheme for QIS based on a five-qubit cluster state and a Bell state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the unknown three-qubit secret state to two agents by the quantum channel with the Bell basis measurement three times and broadcasts the measurement results to the agents through the classical channel. The agent who restores the secret state can successfully recover the initial information to be transmitted through the appropriate unitary operation with the help of the other party. Firstly, our scheme's process can be accurately realized by performing the applicable Bell basis measurement, single-qubit measurement, and local unitary operation instead of a multiparticle joint measurement. The splitting process of quantum information is realized through a convenient operation. Secondly, compared with some previous schemes, the efficiency of the total scheme has been improved in principle, and the qubit consumption is reduced. Finally, the security of the quantum information splitting scheme is analyzed from the perspectives of external attacks and participant attacks. It is proved that our scheme can effectively resist internal participant attacks and external eavesdropper attacks.

DOI
10.3390/e24030381

Related papers

Quantum Information Splitting of an Arbitrary Three-Qubit State by Using Cluster States and Bell States

Yuanhua Li, Jun-Chang Liu, Yi-you Nie

A new application of cluster states is investigated for quantum information splitting (QIS) of an arbitrary three-qubit state. In our scheme, a four-qubit cluster state and a Bell state are shared by a sender (Alice), a controller (Charlie), and a receiver (Bob). Both the sender and controller only need to perform Bell-state measurements (BSMs), the receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary three-qubit state by performing some appropriately unitary transformations on his qubits after he knows the measured results of both the sender and the controller. This QIS scheme is deterministic.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2011•10 citations

Asymmetric Quantum Information Splitting of an Arbitrary N-qubit State via GHZ-like State and Bell States

Shuang-Yong Kang, Xiu‐Bo Chen, Yixian Yang

In this manuscript, a novel and economical scheme for asymmetric quantum information splitting (AQIS) of an arbitrary N -qubit state is investigated. Instead of multi-qubit entangled states, the maximally entangled states, which are made up of a three-qubit GHZ- like entangled state and ( N −1) sets of Bell states, are used as quantum information carrier. It is shown that the proposed AQIS scheme can be faithfully realized by performing appropriate Bell state measurements (BSMs), single qubit measurements (SMs) and local unitary operations (LUOs), rather than multi-qubit entanglement or multi-particle joint measurements, which make it more convenient and feasible in a practical application than some previous schemes. Furthermore, its intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches 100 %, and the total efficiency really approaches the maximal value, which is higher than those of some previous symmetric quantum information splitting (QIS) schemes. Finally, the proposed scheme can be proven information-theoretically secure from the views of participant attack and outside attack in detail.

International Journal of Theoretical Physics•Jan 10, 2014•4 citations

Splitting quantum information via six-qubit maximally entangled state

Xiu-Li Tu

Quantum information splitting(QIS) or quantum state sharing is the generalization of classical secret sharing schemes to the quantum scenario.In QIS,a piece of quantum information(in the form of a quantum state) is divided and distributed to a number of receivers.A scheme of splitting two-qubit states was proposed by using six-particle maximally entangled state as the quantum channel.Alice first performs two Bell-basis measurement and announces her measurement outcome and assigns Charlie(Bob) to reconstruct the original unknown state.If the controllers Bob(Charlie) agree to help Charlie(Bob) obtain the original state,they should perform single-particle measurements on their respective qubits.After the sender performs Bell-basis measurements on her particles,and the cooperators operate single-particle measurements on their particles,the state receiver can reconstruct the original state of the sender by applying the appropriate unitary operation.

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Quantum Information Splitting of Arbitrary Three-Qubit State by Using Seven-Qubit Entangled State

Dongfen Li, Ruijin Wang, Fengli Zhang +1 more

In this paper, we propose a scheme of quantum information splitting arbitrary three-qubit state by using seven-qubit entangled as quantum channel. The sender Alice first performs Bell-state measurements (BSMs) on her qubits pairs respectively and tells her measurement outcome to authorizers Bob to reconstruct the original state, then Charlie should carries out single-qubit measurement (SQM) on his qubits. According to the results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state by applying an appropriate unitary operation. After analyzing, the method achieved the desired effect of quantum information splitting (QIS). We also realize the QIS of arbitrary three-qubit state in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).

International Journal of Theoretical Physics•Nov 21, 2014•12 citations

Hierarchical and probabilistic quantum information splitting of an arbitrary two-qubit state via two cluster states

Wenming Guo, Lei-Ru Qin

Based on non-maximally entangled four-particle cluster states, we propose a new hierarchical information splitting protocol to probabilistically realize the quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the two-qubit secret state to three agents who are divided into two grades with two Bell-state measurements, and broadcasts the measurement results via a classical channel. One agent is in the upper grade and two agents are in the lower grade. The agent in the upper grade only needs to cooperate with one of the other two agents to recover the secret state but both of the agents in the lower grade need help from all of the agents. Every agent who wants to recover the secret state needs to introduce two ancillary qubits and performs a positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) instead of the usual projective measurement. Moreover, due to the symmetry of the cluster state, we extend this protocol to multiparty agents.

Chinese Physics B•Nov 1, 2018•21 citations

Quantum information splitting of a two-qubit Bell state using a four-qubit entangled state

Dongfen Li, Ruijin Wang, Fengli Zhang

A scheme is proposed for quantum information splitting of a two-qubit Bell state by using a four-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel. In the scenario, it is supposed that there are three legitimate parties, say Alice, Bob and Charlie. Alice is the sender of quantum information. Bob and Charlie are two agents. Alice first performs GHZ state measurement and tells Bob and Charlie the measurement results via a classical channel. It is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operations unless help is obtained from Charlie. If Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original state information, he needs to perform a single-qubit measurement and tell Bob the measurement result. Using the measurement results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state. We also consider the problem of security attacks. This protocol is considered to be secure.

Chinese Physics C•Apr 1, 2015•6 citations
Quantum information splitting (QIS) provides an idea for transmitting the quantum state through a classical channel and a preshared quantum entanglement resource. This paper presents a new scheme for QIS based on a five-qubit cluster state and a Bell state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the unknown three-qubit secret state to two agents by the quantum channel with the Bell basis measurement three times and broadcasts the measurement results to the agents through the classical channel. The agent who restores the secret state can successfully recover the initial information to be transmitted through the appropriate unitary operation with the help of the other party. Firstly, our scheme's process can be accurately realized by performing the applicable Bell basis measurement, single-qubit measurement, and local unitary operation instead of a multiparticle joint measurement. The splitting process of quantum information is realized through a convenient operation. Secondly, compared with some previous schemes, the efficiency of the total scheme has been improved in principle, and the qubit consumption is reduced. Finally, the security of the quantum information splitting scheme is analyzed from the perspectives of external attacks and participant attacks. It is proved that our scheme can effectively resist internal participant attacks and external eavesdropper attacks.
A new application of cluster states is investigated for quantum information splitting (QIS) of an arbitrary three-qubit state. In our scheme, a four-qubit cluster state and a Bell state are shared by a sender (Alice), a controller (Charlie), and a receiver (Bob). Both the sender and controller only need to perform Bell-state measurements (BSMs), the receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary three-qubit state by performing some appropriately unitary transformations on his qubits after he knows the measured results of both the sender and the controller. This QIS scheme is deterministic.
In this manuscript, a novel and economical scheme for asymmetric quantum information splitting (AQIS) of an arbitrary N -qubit state is investigated. Instead of multi-qubit entangled states, the maximally entangled states, which are made up of a three-qubit GHZ- like entangled state and ( N −1) sets of Bell states, are used as quantum information carrier. It is shown that the proposed AQIS scheme can be faithfully realized by performing appropriate Bell state measurements (BSMs), single qubit measurements (SMs) and local unitary operations (LUOs), rather than multi-qubit entanglement or multi-particle joint measurements, which make it more convenient and feasible in a practical application than some previous schemes. Furthermore, its intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches 100 %, and the total efficiency really approaches the maximal value, which is higher than those of some previous symmetric quantum information splitting (QIS) schemes. Finally, the proposed scheme can be proven information-theoretically secure from the views of participant attack and outside attack in detail.
Quantum information splitting(QIS) or quantum state sharing is the generalization of classical secret sharing schemes to the quantum scenario.In QIS,a piece of quantum information(in the form of a quantum state) is divided and distributed to a number of receivers.A scheme of splitting two-qubit states was proposed by using six-particle maximally entangled state as the quantum channel.Alice first performs two Bell-basis measurement and announces her measurement outcome and assigns Charlie(Bob) to reconstruct the original unknown state.If the controllers Bob(Charlie) agree to help Charlie(Bob) obtain the original state,they should perform single-particle measurements on their respective qubits.After the sender performs Bell-basis measurements on her particles,and the cooperators operate single-particle measurements on their particles,the state receiver can reconstruct the original state of the sender by applying the appropriate unitary operation.
In this paper, we propose a scheme of quantum information splitting arbitrary three-qubit state by using seven-qubit entangled as quantum channel. The sender Alice first performs Bell-state measurements (BSMs) on her qubits pairs respectively and tells her measurement outcome to authorizers Bob to reconstruct the original state, then Charlie should carries out single-qubit measurement (SQM) on his qubits. According to the results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state by applying an appropriate unitary operation. After analyzing, the method achieved the desired effect of quantum information splitting (QIS). We also realize the QIS of arbitrary three-qubit state in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
Based on non-maximally entangled four-particle cluster states, we propose a new hierarchical information splitting protocol to probabilistically realize the quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. In this scheme, the sender transmits the two-qubit secret state to three agents who are divided into two grades with two Bell-state measurements, and broadcasts the measurement results via a classical channel. One agent is in the upper grade and two agents are in the lower grade. The agent in the upper grade only needs to cooperate with one of the other two agents to recover the secret state but both of the agents in the lower grade need help from all of the agents. Every agent who wants to recover the secret state needs to introduce two ancillary qubits and performs a positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) instead of the usual projective measurement. Moreover, due to the symmetry of the cluster state, we extend this protocol to multiparty agents.
A scheme is proposed for quantum information splitting of a two-qubit Bell state by using a four-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel. In the scenario, it is supposed that there are three legitimate parties, say Alice, Bob and Charlie. Alice is the sender of quantum information. Bob and Charlie are two agents. Alice first performs GHZ state measurement and tells Bob and Charlie the measurement results via a classical channel. It is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operations unless help is obtained from Charlie. If Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original state information, he needs to perform a single-qubit measurement and tell Bob the measurement result. Using the measurement results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state. We also consider the problem of security attacks. This protocol is considered to be secure.