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The effect of the magnetic field on the coupling between the sublevels of rubidium-87 D1 line and the circularly polarized light

Mohaddese Ebrahimi, S. Mojtaba Tabatabaei, Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi

Published Mar 15, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The degree of Zeeman splitting of ground-state sublevels in the presence of a magnetic field can be measured using atomic sensors. The coherence of the spins in the ensemble affects the efficiency of an atomic magnetometer. The sensitivity of these sensors depends on the line width of the magnetic resonance curve, which is related to the coherence lifetime of the atomic spins. Atomic polarization influences the optical properties of the medium, making it anisotropic. The relatively long lifetime of ground-state polarization is a useful tool for measuring the energy-level splitting. The modification associated with the atomic coherence in the presence of an external magnetic field leads to interesting absorption effects in the atomic environment. The splitting of magnetic sublevels and the transition between them under the application of a magnetic field are quantum mechanical images of the interaction between a field and an atomic spin that must be analyzed using a density matrix. In the present work, magneto-optical effects with circularly polarized light such as the dynamic properties and evolution of sublevels of the rubidium-87 D1 line and the absorption properties of the atomic polarized environment are studied theoretically using the reduced density matrix approach.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-1438603/v1

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Abstract The degree of Zeeman splitting of ground-state sublevels in the presence of a magnetic field can be measured using atomic sensors. The coherence of the spins in the ensemble affects the efficiency of an atomic magnetometer. The sensitivity of these sensors depends on the line width of the magnetic resonance curve, which is related to the coherence lifetime of the atomic spins. Atomic polarization influences the optical properties of the medium, making it anisotropic. The relatively long lifetime of ground-state polarization is a useful tool for measuring the energy-level splitting. The modification associated with the atomic coherence in the presence of an external magnetic field leads to interesting absorption effects in the atomic environment. The splitting of magnetic sublevels and the transition between them under the application of a magnetic field are quantum mechanical images of the interaction between a field and an atomic spin that must be analyzed using a density matrix. In the present work, magneto-optical effects with circularly polarized light such as the dynamic properties and evolution of sublevels of the rubidium-87 D1 line and the absorption properties of the atomic polarized environment are studied theoretically using the reduced density matrix approach.
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this paper studied the magnetic field effect on optical properties in a closed lambda-type three level atomic system. Two circularly polarized components are interacted separately by two transitions of this medium. By numerically solving the density matrix equations for this system, it is demonstrated that the optical properties of system, such as absorption, dispersion and lasing, can be controlled via switching on and off an external magnetic field. The proposed scheme may have applications in the design of magneto-optic switching devices. Also the time dependent behavior of the absorption curve in the presence of magnetic field and incoherent pumping field investigated.
Recent studies have highlighted the frequent applications of structured light modes in optically pumped atomic magnetometers. In this work, we theoretically explore how a Poincaré beam probes an optically polarized atomic medium. Specifically, we consider atoms polarized by a plane wave with linear polarization, immersed in a constant external magnetic field. We analyze how the polarization of the pump and probe light fields, along with the external magnetic field, impact the absorption profile. To this end, we employ a density-matrix approach based on the Liouville–von Neumann equation. Our results reveal that the absorption profile exhibits an asymmetric pattern that depends on the magnetic-field strength and the mutual orientation of the pump and probe light propagation directions relative to the quantization axis. For illustration, we assume the incoming radiation drives an electric dipole transition, 5 s 2 S 1 / 2 ( F = 1 ) → 5 p 2 P 3 / 2 ( F = 0 ), in rubidium atoms subjected to a magnetic field. These findings may aid in designing future experiments on optically pumped atomic magnetometers utilizing structured light modes.
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We present the results of an investigation of the different physical processes that influence the shape of the nonlinear magneto-optical signals both at small magnetic field values (~ 100 mG) and at large magnetic field values (several tens of Gauss). We used a theoretical model that provided an accurate description of experimental signals for a wide range of experimental parameters. By turning various effects "on" or "off" inside this model, we investigated the origin of different features of the measured signals. We confirmed that the narrowest structures, with widths on the order of 100 mG, are related mostly to coherences among ground-state magnetic sublevels. The shape of the curves at other scales could be explained by taking into account the different velocity groups of atoms that come into and out of resonance with the exciting laser field. Coherent effects in the excited state can also play a role, although they mostly affect the polarization components of the fluorescence. The results of theoretical calculations are compared with experimental measurements of laser induced fluorescence from the D2 line of atomic rubidium as a function of magnetic field.
Magnetic field and its gradient measurements based on coherent population trapping resonances at the D1 line of 87 Rb are performed by means of coupling two ground-state Zeeman sublevels belonging to different hyperfine levels to a common excited state.Two coherent laser fields with frequency difference of 6.8 GHz are used.They are produced by direct current modulation of a diode laser.The resonance splitting and broadening caused by the applied magnetic field is measured by scanning the laser modulation frequency around the ground-state hyperfine frequency.