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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Quantum optics in a metastable helium vapor

Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, Shikang Liu, Pascal Neveu, E. Brion

Published Mar 9, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Due to its simple level structure, helium 4 is particularly attractive to investigate original scenario for nonlinear light-atom interaction. We illustrate this feature by two examples: i) the demonstration of an original CPT-enhanced phase sensitive amplifier for light, which has been used to generate a squeezed vacuum and, ii) the originality of spin noise spectroscopy in metastable helium 4.

DOI
10.1117/12.2616988

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Due to its simple level structure, helium 4 is particularly attractive to investigate original scenario for nonlinear light-atom interaction. We illustrate this feature by two examples: i) the demonstration of an original CPT-enhanced phase sensitive amplifier for light, which has been used to generate a squeezed vacuum and, ii) the originality of spin noise spectroscopy in metastable helium 4.
The minimum resolvable signal in optical metrology and sensing applications is usually limited by the so-called standard quantum limit. One way to improve the signal-to-noise ratio is to use squeezed states of light. Squeezed light can be generated using different types of nonlinear interactions either in solid-state nonlinear crystals or in atomic systems. One way to generate squeezed light is to use a phase sensitive amplifier that will amplify one quadrature of the considered mode and deamplify the other one. We have recently shown that metastable helium vapor at room temperature can exhibit strong four-wave mixing effects and behave like a perfect phase sensitive amplifier when it is prepared in coherent population trapping situation. In this talk, we will present the application of this phase sensitive amplification to the generation of squeezed vacuum states of light and detail the performances and limitations of the system
Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field are characterized by a reduction of fluctuations for one of two quadrature phase amplitudes below the level of fluctuations for the vacuum state. This reduction is a manifestly quantum or nonclassical feature which is of great interest in its own right but also potentially important for precision measurement with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise or vacuum-state limit. We describe three different experiments in which squeezed light has been generated in our laboratory involving parametric downconversion, intracavity frequency doubling, and optical bistability with two-state atoms. By employing the squeezed light produced by a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator, we have achieved improvements in sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit for the detection of both phase and amplitude changes of the electromagnetic field. An alternate route to sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit is through quantum nondemolition measurement, where we have suggested and are implementing a scheme involving parametric conversion and polarization mixing.
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We observed squeezed vacuum light at 795 nm in (87)Rb vapor via resonant polarization self-rotation and report noise sidebands suppression of approximately 1 dB below shot-noise level spanning from 30 kHz to 1.2 MHz frequencies. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of submegahertz quadrature vacuum squeezing in atomic systems. The spectral range of observed squeezing matches well typical bandwidths of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances, making this simple technique for generation of optical fields with nonclassical statistics at atomic transitions wavelengths attractive for EIT-based quantum information protocols applications.
We observed squeezed vacuum light at 795 nm in 87 Rb vapor via resonant polarization self-rotation, and report noise sidebands suppression of ≈ 1 dB below shot noise level spanning from acoustic (30 kHz) to MHz frequencies. This is the first demonstration of sub-MHz quadrature vacuum squeezing in atomic systems. The spectral range of observed squeezing matches well typical bandwidths of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances, making this simple technique for generation of optical fields with non-classical statistics at atomic transitions wavelengths attractive for EIT-based quantum information protocols applications.