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Oxford University Press eBooks

Introduction*

Alyssa Ney

Published Apr 8, 2013• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The purpose of this introduction is to provide the reader who is unfamiliar with contemporary debates in the metaphysics of quantum mechanics with some background in the central issues that arise in this volume. The goal is to sketch one clean, direct, accessible path from classical physics to quantum theory that will serve to clarify the main interpretive issues that arise in the volume. Key technical concepts of quantum mechanics are introduced as well as the main interpretive options.

DOI
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790807.003.0011

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The purpose of this introduction is to provide the reader who is unfamiliar with contemporary debates in the metaphysics of quantum mechanics with some background in the central issues that arise in this volume. The goal is to sketch one clean, direct, accessible path from classical physics to quantum theory that will serve to clarify the main interpretive issues that arise in the volume. Key technical concepts of quantum mechanics are introduced as well as the main interpretive options.
The Introduction provides the reader with a more detailed overview over the goal and the approach of this book, including the new features against previous publications. Special attention is paid to the importance of notions and to the relationship between classical and quantum mechanics. Another key topic is Schrödinger’s forgotten 1926 requirements to any path from classical to quantum mechanics. The approach of this book fulfills all four of them, and this will help to overcome several difficulties of interpretation. Mittelstaedt’s “reconstruction” of quantum mechanics is discussed in some detail, because there are several similarities to that approach. The Introduction concludes with the key lines along which this book is organized.
Introduction Chapter 1 dealt with one of the deepest mysteries in modern science: how to explain consciousness. This Part deals with another mystery: how to make sense of quantum mechanics. Both involve a problem of reconciliation with the classical worldview, which is one hint that the two mysteries might be related. A second is that, unlike classical physics, which makes no reference to or allowance for consciousness, quantum theory raises the issue of consciousness and its relationship to the physical world in a very direct way. These hints do not necessarily mean there is a connection between the two mysteries, but by the end of this Part I hope to have shown why it would be natural to look for one. My more immediate aim here is to give the social scientific reader an introductory understanding of the experimental findings of quantum theory, its key concepts, and the debates about its interpretation. The discussion assumes no prior knowledge of quantum physics and makes no use of mathematics. Quantum theory without equations might seem like an oxymoron, and certainly reading this Part will not enable anyone to use quantum theory. But to a perhaps surprising degree it is possible to understand quantum theory without being able to use it. Its findings can be communicated in ordinary language, and the same goes for its main concepts and interpretive debates. One consequence of this has been the emergence of a virtual cottage industry of books on quantum theory for a lay audience. Most are written by physicists, and many are quite good. However, it is not just popular treatments that do without equations: much of the professional philosophical literature does as well. (I draw on both kinds of literature below.) Philosophers of physics are trained to understand the math, of course, which is necessary for a full appreciation of the issues.
This chapter, along with the next two chapters, sets the basic context for the readers to go into the topic of this book. Physicists, mathematicians, and philosophers struggle to clarify the foundations of quantum mechanics and debate on the interpretations of quantum mechanics. What is the foundation of quantum mechanics and how to interpret the formalism of quantum mechanics are the core issues of concern in the philosophy of physics. These two questions also involve fundamental issues in the general philosophy of science and even metaphysics and epistemology. This chapter introduces the original thoughts, historical developments, and current status of the interpretation of quantum mechanics, as well as its connection with the philosophy of science and metaphysics; it also analyzes the classifications by Bell, Leifer, and Cabello on the spectrum of interpretations of quantum mechanics, which can be regarded as a sort of “navigation map”. On this basis, the main object of discussion in this book is introduced – the quantum histories interpretation.
This novel text directly addresses common claims and misconceptions around quantum mechanics and presents a fresh and modern understanding of this fundamental and essential physical theory. It begins with a non-mathematical introduction to some of the more controversial topics in the foundations of quantum mechanics. For those more familiar with the theoretical framework of quantum mechanics, the text moves on to a general introduction to quantum field theory, followed by a detailed discussion of cutting-edge topics in this area such as decoherence and spontaneous coherence. Several important philosophical problems in quantum mechanics are considered, and their interpretations are compared, notably the Copenhagen and many-worlds interpretations. The inclusion of frequent real-world examples, such as superconductors and superfluids, ensures the book remains grounded in modern research. This book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in both physics and the philosophy of science interested in the foundations of quantum mechanics.