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Chinese Physics B

Efficient quantum private comparison protocol based on one direction discrete quantum walks on the circle

Jv-Jie Wang, Zhao Dou, Xiu‐Bo Chen, Yuping Lai, Jian Li

Published Mar 3, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an efficient quantum private comparison protocol firstly based on one direction quantum walks. With the help of one direction quantum walk, we develop a novel method that allows the semi-honest third party to set a flag to judge the comparing result, which improves the qubit efficiency and the maximum quantity of the participants’ secret messages. Besides, our protocol can judge the size of the secret messages, not only equality. Furthermore, the quantum walks particle is disentangled in the initial state. It only requires a quantum walks operator to move, making our proposed protocol easy to implement and reducing the quantum resources. Through security analysis, we prove that our protocol can withstand well-known attacks and brute-force attacks. Analyses also reveal that our protocol is correct and practical.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ac5a3f

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We propose an efficient quantum private comparison protocol firstly based on one direction quantum walks. With the help of one direction quantum walk, we develop a novel method that allows the semi-honest third party to set a flag to judge the comparing result, which improves the qubit efficiency and the maximum quantity of the participants’ secret messages. Besides, our protocol can judge the size of the secret messages, not only equality. Furthermore, the quantum walks particle is disentangled in the initial state. It only requires a quantum walks operator to move, making our proposed protocol easy to implement and reducing the quantum resources. Through security analysis, we prove that our protocol can withstand well-known attacks and brute-force attacks. Analyses also reveal that our protocol is correct and practical.
In order to compare the size relationship and the equality of private integers from two users without any risk of leaking their secrets, we put forward a novel two-round two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol with a third party (TP) based on one-direction quantum walks on a circle (ODQWC). Here, TP is allowed to launch all kinds of possible attacks except the collusion attack. This protocol adopts quantum walk (QW) states as the initial quantum resource, which are actually a kind of two-particle product states. This protocol doesn’t need any pre-shared secret key or quantum entanglement swapping operation, and only adopts unitary operations andd-dimensional single particle measurements. Security analysis validates the security of the proposed protocol against both the outside attacks and the participant attacks. Compared with previous QPC protocols based on QW, this protocol is more efficient under certain conditions. Moreover, we construct quantum circuits for this protocol and reveal its correctness and feasibility by IBM Qiskit simulator.
Abstract Based on Bell states, a new semi-quantum private comparison protocol is proposed that enables two classical users to securely compare the equality of their private information with the aid of a semi-honest third party. Different from the existing semi-quantum private comparison protocols, the two classical participants in the presented protocol do not need to measure and prepare any quantum state, which not only reduces the consumption of quantum devices, but also greatly improves the feasibility of the protocol. Performing different unitary operations on the received particles, classical users can securely compare their secret information. Besides, the devised protocol has higher qubit efficiency than the other similar counterparts, since participants can compare a two-bit privacy each time with one qubit. Meanwhile, after completing the comparison process, all Bell states could be reused since they still retain the corresponding entanglement property, which greatly facilitates the recycle of quantum resources. Security analyses indicate that the designed scheme is secure against external attack and internal attack. Moreover, the operations involved in our scheme are simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience to demonstrate the effectiveness and security of our scheme.
For two participants to compare the equality of their private information without revealing them, a new quantum private protocol with the help of semi-honest third party TP is proposed. Different from previous protocols, the four particle |Wf⟩ state and the |χ+⟩ state are utilized in this protocol as the carriers of quantum information and form the entanglement swapping as basic principle. The simple measurement of quantum states and exclusive-or operation are only required to conduct in this protocol. What’s more, this protocol can compare two bits of two participants’ private information in every comparison time. Meanwhile, it needs no unitary operation to fulfill this protocol. This protocol is feasible and efficient to execute through these aspects. In the end, the security of this protocol is analyzed at great length from two kinds of attacks including the outside attack and the participant attack. And the analysis result shows that this protocol can withstand various kinds of attacks and be secure to perform efficiently.
In this paper,a quantum private comparison protocol based on d dimensional single-particle states is proposed. In the protocol,a semi-honest third party transfers a sequence of n particles to one participant w ho encodes n secret keys by performing n local unitary operations. Then these particles are sent to the other participant w ho also by the same w ay encodes n secret keys and returns these particles back to the semi-honest party. Finally after the participants broadcast the results of encrypting their secrets w ith secret keys,the semi-honest third party can help the tw o participants compare the size relationships of their n pair corresponding secrets w ithout disclosing them to any other people. In addition,the security of the protocol is also discussed in detail. It is show n that the protocol is secure in theory. Moreover,since only single-particle states are used,as compared w ith other quantum private comparison protocols,the presented protocol is more feasible under the current technical conditions.
In this paper, an efficient quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol based on GHZ-type states is proposed. Two participants can compare the equality of two classical bits in each comparison, which could greatly reduce comparison times and increase efficiency. A semi-honest third-party (TP) is involved in assisting the participants to compare their secrets. TP may misbehave on her own, but she is not allowed to conspire with any participants. Besides, the proposed protocol needs Hadamard operation as well as single-particle measurements and Bell measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies. Finally, the analysis shows the proposed protocol is correct and it can resist various attacks including outside attacks and dishonest participant attacks.
Using the highly entangled six-qubit genuine state we present a quantum private comparison(QPC)protocol, which enables two users to compare the equality of two bits of their secrets in every round comparison with the assistance of a semi-honest third party(TP). The proposed protocol needs neither unitary operations nor quantum entanglement swapping technology, both of which may consume expensive quantum devices. Single particle measurements and Bell-basis measurements, which are easy to implement with current technologies, are employed by two users and TP in the proposed protocol, respectively. The proposed protocol can withstand all kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, none of information about the two users’ private secrets and the comparison result is leaked out to TP.