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Journal of Lightwave Technology

A Physical Layer Security-Enhanced Scheme in CO-OFDM System Based on CIJS Encryption and 3D-LSCM Chaos

Xianfeng Tang, Zeyu Xu, Fan Li, Zibin Li, Le Liu, Changqing Yang, Hongbing Huang, Longyong Chen, Xiaoguang Zhang

Published Feb 24, 2022• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a security enhanced physical layer encryption scheme is proposed for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. This scheme is based on a concatenated inter-domain joint scrambling (CIJS) method, while adopting the three-dimension logistic sine cascading mapping (3D-LSCM) as a chaos key system to improve the security. Thrice inter-domain cat mappings are implemented, which fully exploits the characteristic domains of OFDM data and greatly increases the possible permutations. An experiment of the encryption scheme is realized successfully in a 16QAM CO-OFDM system at a symbol rate of 40 Gbaud over an 80 km standard single mode fiber. The experiment shows that no bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) penalties are introduced in this scheme. The proposed 3D-LSCM chaos system shows superior properties of high sensitivity to initial values and improved uniform distribution, which guarantees the large entropy and further the system's security. This scheme can effectively prevent against a chosen-text attack which is the most effective attack method due to the extremely small tolerabledeviation and the large key space of 1.12 × 10207.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2022.3153967

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In this paper, a security enhanced physical layer encryption scheme is proposed for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. This scheme is based on a concatenated inter-domain joint scrambling (CIJS) method, while adopting the three-dimension logistic sine cascading mapping (3D-LSCM) as a chaos key system to improve the security. Thrice inter-domain cat mappings are implemented, which fully exploits the characteristic domains of OFDM data and greatly increases the possible permutations. An experiment of the encryption scheme is realized successfully in a 16QAM CO-OFDM system at a symbol rate of 40 Gbaud over an 80 km standard single mode fiber. The experiment shows that no bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) penalties are introduced in this scheme. The proposed 3D-LSCM chaos system shows superior properties of high sensitivity to initial values and improved uniform distribution, which guarantees the large entropy and further the system's security. This scheme can effectively prevent against a chosen-text attack which is the most effective attack method due to the extremely small tolerabledeviation and the large key space of 1.12 × 10207.
This paper proposes a physical layer security enhancement scheme for optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based on a fractal Sierpiński triangle model and DNA encryption. The scheme encrypts image data at the bit level by integrating fractal Sierpiński triangle arrangement and rotation, chaotic systems, as well as DNA encoding, operations, and decoding. Simulation experiments were conducted on a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) coherent optical OFDM system with a symbol rate of 30 Gbaud over 80 km of single-mode fiber. The results demonstrate that the proposed encryption scheme enables authorized users to successfully decrypt and recover the transmitted encrypted data without degrading transmission performance, while unauthorized users can only obtain meaningless information with a bit error rate of approximately 0.5. Moreover, by leveraging chaotic systems, the key space of the scheme reaches 2 256 , providing strong resistance against brute-force attacks.
In this Letter, we propose a secure orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme based on chaotic encryption and noise-masking key distribution. With the implementation of a three-dimensional digital chaotic system, the security performance is effectively enhanced by scrambling the phase, symbol, and subcarrier frequency of the OFDM signal. The proposed noise-masking key distribution can mask the key information of the chaotic system into noise and transmit it with the chaotic encrypted signal simultaneously. By this mechanism, the legal receiver can realize uninterrupted authentication and decryption even if the key is constantly updated. Transmission of a 62.2-Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 124.4-Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) OFDM signal over a 2-km 7-core fiber using the proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the proposed scheme can realize security enhancement and cost-effective key distribution without significant bit error ratio (BER) performance degradation.
In this paper, a security enhanced physical layer encryption scheme is proposed for coherent optical polarization division multiplexing (PDM) systems. The concept of a digital optical polarization scrambler (DOPS) is introduced to apply high speed rotation of state of polarization (RSOP) to the transmitted signal, which enables encryption based on polarization perturbations and offers superior flexibility in polarization management. By utilizing different combinations of digital polarization device matrices and adjusting their key parameters, four encryption modes are designed. The proposed encryption scheme is successfully implemented in a PDM-QPSK system at the data rate of 32 Gbps. Experimental results demonstrate that authorized users can successfully decrypt the received signal, while the eavesdroppers cannot derive useful information with a bit error rate (BER) at approximately 0.5. To enhance system security, a 5-D chaotic system is introduced with superior properties of high sensitivity to initial values and improved uniform distribution, which guarantees the large entropy and further the system’s security. This scheme can effectively prevent against brute attacks with the expanded key space of 10 60 .
We propose a chaotic spatial symbol transforming encryption method for enhancing the physical layer security in fiber-optic systems based on space-division multiplexed (SDM) transmission. The designed 3-D chaotic sequences are used to scramble the real and imaginary part of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols, permute the symbol-to-space mapping, and control iteration times between the two processes. The encrypted transmission of 200 Gb/s per mode polarization-division-multiplexed 16QAM signals has been simulated over 1000-km two-mode fiber. The results show that the eavesdropper cannot recover the original information with a part of the security keys or a part of the transmitted signals when the iteration times are beyond 5. We found the error spreading phenomenon can be combined with the mode-dependent loss (MDL) to realize the system security enhancement. When eavesdroppers coupled signals out from SDM waveguide by bending-induced fiber tapping, they need reduce the bend radius to receive more spatial leak modes. The bending-induced fiber tapping inherently causes MDL. Although the error spreading phenomenon leads to bit-error-rate increasing by 1.3 dB than conventional 16QAM transmission, it will be a promising solution to overcome the weakness that the huge amount of data can be compromised by taping out the portion of the signal in single-mode transmission.
In this Letter, we propose a highly secure three-dimensional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (3D-OFDM) transmission scheme based on two-level noise masking key-accompanying transmission. The original signal is encrypted with a spherical constellation to ensure the system's security with a 4D Lorenz-like model. The key realizes two-level noise masking by introducing additional noise bits at the bit level and hiding in a noise-like spherical shell at the constellation level. Moreover, the proposed method of placing the key in the encrypted signal can simultaneously transmit the encrypted signal and the key. A 101.06-Gb/s 3D-OFDM encrypted signal with the proposed scheme over a 2-km 7-core fiber experiment was successfully implemented. Experimental results show that the security performance of the system can be guaranteed under the conditions of partial key leakage and key misplacement at the illegal receiver. At the same time, the key masking degree (KMD) of the proposed two-level noise masking can reach 3267, which effectively guarantees the safe transmission of the key.
In this paper, we propose a block compressive sensing (BCS) based chaotic embedded encryption scheme for multi-core fiber orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MCF-OFDM) system. BCS technology is used to recover the entire desired information from the small amounts of data. Meanwhile, a four-dimensional discrete chaotic encryption model generates four masking factors, which are respectively used for coefficient random permutation (CRP), measurement matrix, diffusion and singular value decomposition (SVD) embedding to achieve ultra-high security encryption of four different dimensions. In terms of compressive sensing, CRP can make the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient distribute randomly to improve the sampling efficiency of BCS. Compared with the data without compressive sensing, the data volume is reduced by 75%. In chaotic encryption, SVD technology embeds secret images of noise-like after initial encryption into carrier images to generate encrypted images with visual security. The key space reaches 10120 and it realizes the dual protection of source image data and external representation. The proposed scheme using a 2km 7-core optical fiber achieves a 78.75 Gb/s transmission of encrypted OFDM signals. The received optical power is greater than -14 dBm, and the bit error rate (BER) of core1-core7 is lower than 10−3. When the compression ratio sets to 0.25 and the attack range of encrypted data is up to 30%, the image can still recover the outline and general information. The experimental results show that this scheme can improve the security performance and reduce the complexity of information transmission system. Furthermore, the scheme combines The BCS chaotic embedded encryption technology with MCF-OFDM system, which has a good application prospect in the future optical networks.