Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Hamilton-Jacobi and Lagrange formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics wave equations with solutions with only-positive and only-negative kinetic energies

Luis Grave de Peralta, Arquímedes Ruiz-Columbié

Published Feb 18, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-1332654/v1

Related papers

Hamilton-Jacobi and Lagrange Formulations of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Wave Equations with Solutions with Only-Positive and Only-Negative Kinetic Energies

Luis Grave de Peralta, Arquímedes Ruiz-Columbié

Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.

Journal of Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2022•0 citations

The quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equations for the Dirac and the Dirac–Klein–Gordon systems

T. Djama

For one dimensional systems, we derive from the Dirac spinor equation (DSE) the relativistic quantum stationary Hamilton–Jacobi equation (RQSHJES) for particles of spin . We establish that the RQSHJES ±1/2 is constituted of two equations, each one corresponding to the positive and negative energies (particle and antiparticle). The solution of the RQSHJES ±1/2 is well established. We also investigate the Dirac–Klein–Gordon equation and set its corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi equation.

Physica Scripta•Jun 14, 2007•1 citation

Generalization of Hamilton-Jacobi method and its consequences in classical, relativistic, and quantum mechanics

O. Chavoya-Aceves

The Hamilton-Jacobi method is generalized, both, in classical and relativistic mechanics. The implications in quantum mechanics are considered in the case of Klein-Gordon equation. We find that the wave functions of Klein-Gordon theory can be considered as describing the motion of an ensemble of particles that move under the action of the electromagnetic field alone, without quantum potentials, hidden uninterpreted variables, or zero point fields. The number of particles is not locally conserved.

arXiv:quant-ph/0409012•Sep 2, 2004•0 citations

New results by low momentum approximation from relativistic quantum mechanics equations and suggestion of experiments

Huai‐Yu Wang

Abstract A fundamental belief is that the formulism of relativistic quantum mechanics equations (RQMEs) should remain in low momentum motion. However, it is found that some formulas from RQMEs were lost in Schrödinger equation. For example, a free relativistic particle has positive and negative energy branches. The former includes positive kinetic energy (PKE) and the latter negative kinetic energy (NKE). The latter should be treated on an equal footing as the former. Nevertheless, from Schrödinger equation, a free particle can have only PKE. Starting from RQMEs and taking low momentum approximation, we derive NKE Schrödinger equation which is for the cases that free particles have NKE. Thus negative energy branch of RQMEs can be retained in low momentum motion. We point out a fact that whether Schrödinger equation is applicable in a region where a particle’s energy E is less than potential V , E < V , has never been quantitatively verified. In such a region NKE Schrödinger equation should be employed. With the help of NKE Schrödinger equation, the lost formulas are recovered. The so-called difficulty of negative probability of Klein–Gordon equation for free particles is solved. A PKE (NKE) particle can have stationary motion only when it is subject to an attractive (repulsive) potential, which is determined by Virial theorem. Two NKE electrons in a potential can constitute a stable system, a new kind of possible mechanism for electron paring. The whole discussion stems from RQMEs with no any new postulation. Experiments are suggested, which may confirm that there are indeed NKE electrons.

arXiv:2104.05393•Journal of Physics Communications•Dec 1, 2020•11 citations

A Relativistic Quantum Wave Equation That Reduces to the Schrödinger Equation in the Non-Relativistic Limit

Brian B. K. Min

A new relativistic quantum wave equation has been derived by applying the quantum prescription to the momentum and the kinetic energy rather than to the momentum and the total energy, since after all it is the kinetic energy that generates the momentum. The resulting equation reduces to the Schrodinger equation in the nonrelativistic limit and to the Klein-Gordon equation for “massless particles” in the relativistic limit, i.e., if the velocity of the particle approaches that of light, c. For massive particles in general, the new equation deviates from the Klein-Gordon equation. The same equation is shown to decouple according to the Dirac formalism, yielding a modified form of Dirac equation. When applied to a rest particle, the modified Dirac equation is shown to avoid a negative energy solution and instead include a constant solution. The other, the time-dependent particle solution of the modified Dirac equation, has the characteristic frequency Mc2/(ћ/2) , i.e., twice those of the Dirac solutions, Mc2/ћ.

•Apr 1, 2015•0 citations

Towards a Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

J. Iliopoulos, Theodore N. Tomaras

Abstract The Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations are studied as candidates for a relativistic generalisation of the Schrödinger equation. We show that the first is unacceptable because it admits solutions with arbitrarily large negative energy and has no conserved current with positive definite probability density. The Dirac equation on the other hand does have a physically acceptable conserved current, but it too suffers from the presence of negative energy solutions. We show that the latter can be interpreted as describing anti-particles. In either case there is no fully consistent interpretation as a single-particle wave equation and we are led to a formalism admitting an infinite number of degrees of freedom, that is a quantum field theory. We can still use the Dirac equation at low energies when the effects of anti-particles are negligible and we study applications in atomic physics.

•Oct 25, 2021•0 citations
Abstract Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.
Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values.
The Hamilton-Jacobi method is generalized, both, in classical and relativistic mechanics. The implications in quantum mechanics are considered in the case of Klein-Gordon equation. We find that the wave functions of Klein-Gordon theory can be considered as describing the motion of an ensemble of particles that move under the action of the electromagnetic field alone, without quantum potentials, hidden uninterpreted variables, or zero point fields. The number of particles is not locally conserved.
Abstract A fundamental belief is that the formulism of relativistic quantum mechanics equations (RQMEs) should remain in low momentum motion. However, it is found that some formulas from RQMEs were lost in Schrödinger equation. For example, a free relativistic particle has positive and negative energy branches. The former includes positive kinetic energy (PKE) and the latter negative kinetic energy (NKE). The latter should be treated on an equal footing as the former. Nevertheless, from Schrödinger equation, a free particle can have only PKE. Starting from RQMEs and taking low momentum approximation, we derive NKE Schrödinger equation which is for the cases that free particles have NKE. Thus negative energy branch of RQMEs can be retained in low momentum motion. We point out a fact that whether Schrödinger equation is applicable in a region where a particle’s energy E is less than potential V , E < V , has never been quantitatively verified. In such a region NKE Schrödinger equation should be employed. With the help of NKE Schrödinger equation, the lost formulas are recovered. The so-called difficulty of negative probability of Klein–Gordon equation for free particles is solved. A PKE (NKE) particle can have stationary motion only when it is subject to an attractive (repulsive) potential, which is determined by Virial theorem. Two NKE electrons in a potential can constitute a stable system, a new kind of possible mechanism for electron paring. The whole discussion stems from RQMEs with no any new postulation. Experiments are suggested, which may confirm that there are indeed NKE electrons.
A new relativistic quantum wave equation has been derived by applying the quantum prescription to the momentum and the kinetic energy rather than to the momentum and the total energy, since after all it is the kinetic energy that generates the momentum. The resulting equation reduces to the Schrodinger equation in the nonrelativistic limit and to the Klein-Gordon equation for “massless particles” in the relativistic limit, i.e., if the velocity of the particle approaches that of light, c. For massive particles in general, the new equation deviates from the Klein-Gordon equation. The same equation is shown to decouple according to the Dirac formalism, yielding a modified form of Dirac equation. When applied to a rest particle, the modified Dirac equation is shown to avoid a negative energy solution and instead include a constant solution. The other, the time-dependent particle solution of the modified Dirac equation, has the characteristic frequency Mc2/(ћ/2) , i.e., twice those of the Dirac solutions, Mc2/ћ.
Abstract The Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations are studied as candidates for a relativistic generalisation of the Schrödinger equation. We show that the first is unacceptable because it admits solutions with arbitrarily large negative energy and has no conserved current with positive definite probability density. The Dirac equation on the other hand does have a physically acceptable conserved current, but it too suffers from the presence of negative energy solutions. We show that the latter can be interpreted as describing anti-particles. In either case there is no fully consistent interpretation as a single-particle wave equation and we are led to a formalism admitting an infinite number of degrees of freedom, that is a quantum field theory. We can still use the Dirac equation at low energies when the effects of anti-particles are negligible and we study applications in atomic physics.