V Quantum Electromagnetism

Louis Zhang, Qi‐Jun Zhang

Quantum computing is a potential approach for addressing computational challenges in solving electromagnetic problems. A quantum method, called the Harrow/Hassidim /Lloyd (HHL) algorithm has recently been applied to solve the equations from finite-element-method (FEM) formulation of electromagnetic problems. Here we address a further step in this direction. Since quantum state vectors always have unit norm, the solution vector from HHL is only proportional to the final electromagnetic solutions. The magnitude of the final electromagnetic solution vector remains unavailable from HHL In this paper, a new quantum formulation is proposed to find the magnitude of the final electromagnetic solutions. The proposed method can be used to scale the HHL results to the correct magnitude of electromagnetic solutions. In this way, the proposed method is a further advance in making the quantum computing more effective in solving electromagnetic problems.

Horst E. Wilhelm

A formulation of the quantum mechanics of charged particles in time‐dependent electromagnetic fields is presented, in which both the Schroedinger equation and wave equations for the electromagnetic potentials are Galilei covariant, it is shown that the Galilean relativity principle leads to the introduction of the electromagnetic substratum in which the matter and electromagnetic waves propagate. The electromagnetic substratum effects are quantitatively significant for quantum mechanics in reference frames, in which the substratum velocity w is in magnitude comparable with the velocity of light c. The electromagnetic substratum velocity w occurs explicitly in the wave equations for the electromagnetic potentials but not in the Schroedinger equation.

Oleg D. Moskaletz

Connection between electromagnetic (EM) signals, as quantum systems, which carry the spectroscopic information, and classical description of EM signals on an input of spectrum analyzers, which action is described in the classical form, is established. The physical substantiation of classical methods of signal theory (ST) is given. Forming EM of signals in form EM radiation and in the form of the electric current, caused by incident EM radiation, is considered at quantum level. Transition to classical approach of EM signals is carried out.

Badis Ydri