A communication channel protected by quantum cryptography cannot be hacked under ideal conditions. But only because there are currently no suitable hacking methods available. All existing methods of breaking cryptographic networks are aimed at mathematical models of ciphers. However, if we follow the rule that the stability of a system is determined by the stability of its weakest link, we can see the opposite. Quantum cryptography is a promising young and developing field in the field of information security. Every specialist in the field of information security is interested in creating a perfect and secure communication network. Systems that currently use the BB84 and B92 protocols are vulnerable to attacks from hackers. These security protocols are already considered outdated, but scientists can not yet offer other options. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the first quantum encryption algorithms BB84 and B92.
A communication channel protected by quantum cryptography cannot be hacked under ideal conditions. But only because there are currently no suitable hacking methods available. All existing methods of breaking cryptographic networks are aimed at mathematical models of ciphers. However, if we follow the rule that the stability of a system is determined by the stability of its weakest link, we can see the opposite. Quantum cryptography is a promising young and developing field in the field of information security. Every specialist in the field of information security is interested in creating a perfect and secure communication network. Systems that currently use the BB84 and B92 protocols are vulnerable to attacks from hackers. These security protocols are already considered outdated, but scientists can not yet offer other options. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the first quantum encryption algorithms BB84 and B92.
The development of modern computer technologies endangers the confidentiality of information, which is usually ensured by traditional cryptographic means. This circumstance forces us to look for new methods of protection. In view of modern trends, quantum cryptography methods can become such alternatives, which allow solving a number of important cryptographic problems, for which the impossibility of solving using only classical (that is, non-quantum) communication has been proven. Quantum cryptography is a branch of quantum informatics that studies methods of protecting information by using quantum carriers. The possibility of such protection is ensured by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. One of the promising directions of quantum cryptography is Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) that offers secure communication without any shared key. A characteristic feature of this method is the absence of cryptographic transformations, accordingly, there is no key distribution problem. The purpose of this work is a general overview of quantum cryptography protocols, finding their weak points for further development and improvement, as well as identifying vulnerabilities to different attacks. The article analyzes new methods and protocols, as well as presents their advantages and disadvantages. Based on partial generalizations of theoretical provisions and practical achievements in the field of quantum cryptography, a generalized classification was developed. By comparing various factors of the protocols, and their resistance to certain cyberattacks, we have the opportunity to identify several problems in this field and expand the possibilities for choosing appropriate methods for building modern quantum information protection systems. In accordance with this, conclusions were presented regarding the use of protocols and increasing the level of their effectiveness.
In the modern digital era, cryptographic protocols form the foundation of secure communication, from safeguarding messages to protecting national infrastructure.For years classical encryption techniques served the role of protecting our information; however, due to technological advancements not only in the engineering field but also in the field of physics classical encryption no longer provides reliable and safe security [2][3][4][7].Quantum communication has introduced a fundamentally new paradigm in secure communication, most notably through the BB84 protocol [1].This protocol uses a fundamentally different approach to security that offers unbreakable encryption [10].The advances of the field not only offer protection but also open the possiblity to different approaches to attack [11][15].However, despite its clear advantages, the widespread adoption of the BB84 protocol in everyday communication remains limited by technological and physical barriers [11][15].These challenges include photon loss in transmission, limited key generation rates, short coherence of quantum states, and difficulty integrating these complex systems with existing classical infrastructures [14][17].Furthermore, achieving scalability to support large, complex networks introduces new constraints [14].While these systems can enable fast and long distance transmission, these technologies still remain developmental as well.This paper argues that an overlooked challenge in integrating quantum systems with classical infrastructure is the absence of entanglement in the BB84 protocol, which forces a reliance on classical components that introduce interference and instability [14][18][10].Although the benefits of entanglement-based protocols are recognized in the literature [8][10] [19] the consequences of the BB84's non entangled design remains underexplored [14][17][13].
Quantum cryptography is a method for accessing data with the cryptosystem more efficiently. The network security and the cryptography are the two major properties in securing the data in the communication network. The quantum cryptography uses the single photon passing through the polarization of a photon. In Quantum Cryptography, it's impossible for the eavesdropper to copy or modify the encrypted messages in the quantum states in which we are sending through the optical fiber channels. Cryptography performed by using the protocols BB84 and B92 protocols. The two basic algorithms of quantum cryptography are Shor’s algorithm and the Grover’s’s algorithm. For finding the number of integer factorization of each photon, Shor’s algorithm is used. Grover’s’s algorithm used for searching the unsorted data. Shor’s algorithm overcomes RSA algorithm by high security. By the implementation of quantum cryptography, we are securing the information from the eavesdropper and thereby preventing data in the communication channel.
Even though there have been various proposed and wideley used ciphering techniques in cryptography, main improvements in this field came out with the idea of “super computing”. Till now, popular methods like DES, AES and RSA which can be mathematically cracked in a duration of universe’s age, have been proposed. But all of these methods’s future is at risk because of the studies in production of “Quantum Computer”s of which computation speed is estimated to be very high so that no other existing super computers compete with them. At this stage, by using quantum mechanics a new method called “Quantum Key Distribution” and its protocols for the process of building cipher key, are proposed instead of determining new mathematical solutions for securing the data. In this study, a simulation project based on previously proposed Quantum Key Distribution protocols BB84 and B92, will be explained. At the end of the project by using BB84 and B92 protocols, a comparison of quantum bit error rates and detection rates of eavesdropping according to protocols, is done and results are obtained.
The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of quantum key distribution protocols based on the Heisenberg uncertainty. The peculiarity of this topic lies in the fact that modern methods of key distribution, which use classical calculations at their core, have significant drawbacks, in contrast to quantum key distribution. This problem concerns all types of algorithms and systems for encrypting secret information, both symmetric encryption with a private key and asymmetric encryption with a public key. An example is that in a communication channel protected by quantum key distributions, it is possible to detect an interceptor between two legal network entities using the principles laid down in quantum physics at the beginning of the last century. Principles and theorems such as the Heisenberg principle, quantum entanglement, superposition, quantum teleportation, and the no-cloning theorem. The field of study of this topic is a promising and rapidly developing area in the field of information security and information protection. There are already created commercial products with the implementation of some of the quantum key distribution protocols. Many of the created products are used in various spheres of human activity. The relevance of applying quantum key distribution protocols under ideal conditions without taking into account errors in the form of quantum noise is analyzed. The implementation of two quantum key distribution protocols based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is demonstrated, as well as the results of the appearance of keys and the probability of occurrence of each of them. The purpose of the article is aimed at analyzing and researching quantum key distribution protocols based on Heisenberg uncertainty. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the BB84, B92 quantum key distribution protocols.
Quantum cryptography is a revolutionary field that applies the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communication channels. One of the most popular techniques in quantum cryptography is Quantum Key Distribution, which uses quantum states to deliver secure keys. The main advantage of quantum cryptography is that it offers protection against eavesdropping and tampering, which is not possible with classical encryption methods. This is because copying data in a quantum state is virtually impossible, and any attempt to intercept or manipulate the data will result in its complete alteration. As a result, any third-party interference can be detected quickly. Traditional cryptographic algorithms used in modern cryptography are vulnerable to attacks due to the evolution of quantum computers and mathematical advances in the decomposition of large integers. Therefore, the solution to address this vulnerability is to apply the principles of quantum physics to cryptography. The aim of the paper is to survey the current scientific achievements in the field of quantum cryptography and to present some challenging issues.