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IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

Eight Wave Mixing Process is suitable to make Single Photon Source for Quantum Cryptography

Priyanka Priyanka, Savita Gill

Published Feb 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Single photon source for use in quantum cryptography should show higher order photon antibunching. We have analyzed non classical effect i.e. higher order photon antibunching in pump mode of eight-wave mixing non linear optical process using short time interaction technique and also the dependence of non classicality on the number of photons prior to interaction in non linear medium. Further we have reported that higher the order of photon antibunching, higher will be the probability to generate single photon source utilized in quantum cryptography.

DOI
10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012014

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Abstract Single photon source for use in quantum cryptography should show higher order photon antibunching. We have analyzed non classical effect i.e. higher order photon antibunching in pump mode of eight-wave mixing non linear optical process using short time interaction technique and also the dependence of non classicality on the number of photons prior to interaction in non linear medium. Further we have reported that higher the order of photon antibunching, higher will be the probability to generate single photon source utilized in quantum cryptography.
Single photon sources to be used in quantum cryptography must show higher order antibunching (HOA). HOA is reported by us in several many wave mixing processes. In the present work we have investigated the possibility of observing HOA in multiwave mixing processes in general. The generalized Hamiltonian is solved for several particular cases in Heisenberg picture and possibility of observing HOA is investigated with the help of criterion of Pathak and Garcia. The generalized interaction Hamiltonian of a multiwave mixing process is considered as (a†l bm cn + Hermitian conjugate) where 'a', 'b' and 'c' are the annihilation operators corresponding to pump, Stokes and Signal modes respectively. Several particular cases of the generalized Hamiltonian are solved with the help of short time approximation technique and HOA is reported for pump modes of different multiwave mixing processes. It is also found that HOA can not be observed for the signal and stokes modes in of the cases studied here.
In seven wave mixing non-linear optical process having pump photons of dissimilar frequencies, higher order non classical properties were studied. It is shown that as we go into the higher order of the field amplitude and with an increase in the number of photons existing in the system before non-linear medium interaction, nonclassicality increases. In addition, we have also obtained higher order antibunching of photons that can be used as a criterion to obtain a single source of photons, which is the primary prerequisite for the quantum information processing.
A single photon source (SPS) is very important for quantum computation. In particular, it is essential for secured quantum cryptography. But there is no perfect SPS in reality. Therefore, probabilistic SPS where probability of simultaneous emission of two, three, four and more photon is less than the emission of a single photon are used. Since classical photon always comes in bunch, the required single photon source must be nonclassical. In the well-known antibunched state the rate of simultaneous emission of two photon is less than that of single photon. But the requirement of quantum cryptography is a multiphoton version of the antibunched state or the higher order antibunched state. Recently we have reported a mathematical criterion for higher order antibunching. Here we have shown that any proposal for SPS to be used in quantum cryptography should satisfy this criterion. We have studied four wave mixing as a possible candidate of single photon source.
We studied photon antibunching in the pump and the harmonic modes of the sixth harmonic generation process. The generalized interaction Hamiltonian is solved for several particular cases in the Heisenberg picture, and the possibility of observing photon antibunching is investigated using the short-time approximation technique. It is shown that the photon antibunching in the pump field depends on the number of pump photons, the interaction time, and the coupling of the field between the modes. With the same amount of pump photons, we deduced that third-order photon antibunching is more nonclassical than second- and first-order photon antibunching. In this process, the effect of photon antibunching is not seen in the harmonic mode over pump mode. It is shown that photon antibunching is more noticeable with shorter interaction times as the depth of nonclassicality increases and the second-order correlation function decreases. The first-order Hamiltonian interaction, which stimulates both pump and harmonic fields, is demonstrated to be more nonclassical than the second-order Hamiltonian interaction. It is clear that the coherent state, or vacuum state, of a pump field with a nonzero harmonic field creates photon clusters because the pump field causes interaction, which leads to bunching effects. It is interpreted that the degree of photon antibunching is maximum in the regions where the second correlation function is minimum. Photon antibunching has been shown to be one of the quantum properties of light.
We have examined non classical effect i.e. higher order single mode antibunching and intermodel antibunching and higher order sub-poissonian photon statistics (HOSPS) in fifth harmonic generation non linear optical process using short time interaction technique.We have found that nonclassical effects directly depend on number of photons prior to interaction with non linear medium.The higher the number of photons present prior to an interaction, the higher will be the nonclassicality in the system.It is additionally found that stoke mode doesn't fulfill the condition of single mode antibunching and HOSPS in fifth harmonic generation process.To examine the optical nonlinearity of nanoparticles, there are significant research efforts concerning the estimation of higher order nonlinear susceptibility which can be utilized as a source for the generation of higher order harmonic generation nonlinear optical processes [19].
It has recently been shown that multiphoton absorption in cavities containing an emitter and a nonlinear mirror or a two photon absorber can be used to create antibunched photons (i.e. nonclassical light). We investigate the generation of nonclassical photon states using nonlinear laser cavities where the excitation has been modified so that it consists of short current pulses. The light fields in the studied setups are ideally formed of superpositions of zero photon and one photon states. Our goal is to study and develop single photon sources which are needed e.g. in quantum information processing and quantum computing, and fundamental quantum optical experiments. We investigate the effect of exciting the photon emitter with time dependent current pulses to provide single-photon-on-demand sources. We maximize the probability of the single photon state by optimizing the strengths of linear losses, nonlinear absorption, photon emission, and the length of the current injection pulse into the amplifier. Furthermore, we analyze the output photon statistics and waiting times using Monte Carlo simulations. This type of a setup is technologically attractive since it potentially provides room temperature realization of photon antibunching with essentially standard optoelectronic materials and processing techniques.