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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute

Quantum Noise Squeezing for Optical Signals in Zinc-Tellurite Fibers

Arseny A. Sorokin, Vitaly V. Dorofeev, Sergei E. Motorin, Gerd Leuchs

Published Dec 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Nonclassical multiphoton states of light with squeezed quantum fluctuations are in demand for various ultrahigh-accuracy measurements. In this study, we propose to use fiber of bismuth-modified zinc-tellurite glass with high Kerr nonlinearity to squeeze quantum noise of optical signals. We experimentally fabricated such fiber and, using numerical simulation of the nonlinear evolution of cw laser signal taking into account fiber characteristics for optimum parameters, theoretically demonstrated noise squeezing better than –15 dB.

DOI
10.3103/s1068335621120071

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Abstract Nonclassical multiphoton states of light with squeezed quantum fluctuations are in demand for various ultrahigh-accuracy measurements. In this study, we propose to use fiber of bismuth-modified zinc-tellurite glass with high Kerr nonlinearity to squeeze quantum noise of optical signals. We experimentally fabricated such fiber and, using numerical simulation of the nonlinear evolution of cw laser signal taking into account fiber characteristics for optimum parameters, theoretically demonstrated noise squeezing better than –15 dB.
Abstract An optical fiber with a high Kerr nonlinearity coefficient has been proposed and manufactured from bismuth-modified tellurite glass for creation of non-classical multiphoton states of light. Specifically, we have proposed to use these fibers to squeeze the quantum fluctuations of one of the quadratures of light in the 20 W signal significantly below –10 dB compared to the standard quantum noise limit, which is important for various practical applications. Using numerical simulation based on the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we have demonstrated noise squeezing stronger than –16 dB at tellurite fiber lengths of 6–14 m, while in squeezing of –14 dB is expected in silica glass fibers having lengths of 120–300 m. Analytical formulas were used to analyze the physical factors that limit the achievable squeezing.
Squeezed light—nonclassical multiphoton states with fluctuations in one of the quadrature field components below the vacuum level—has found applications in quantum light spectroscopy, quantum telecommunications, quantum computing, precision quantum metrology, detecting gravitational waves, and biological measurements. At present, quantum noise squeezing with optical fiber systems operating in the range near 1.5 μm has been mastered relatively well, but there are no fiber sources of nonclassical squeezed light beyond this range. Silica fibers are not suitable for strong noise suppression for 2 µm continuous-wave (CW) light since their losses dramatically deteriorate the squeezed state of required lengths longer than 100 m. We propose the generation multiphoton states of 2-micron 10-W class CW light with squeezed quantum fluctuations stronger than −15 dB in chalcogenide and tellurite soft glass fibers with large Kerr nonlinearities. Using a realistic theoretical model, we numerically study squeezing for 2-micron light in step-index soft glass fibers by taking into account Kerr nonlinearity, distributed losses, and inelastic light scattering processes. Quantum noise squeezing stronger than −20 dB is numerically attained for a customized As2Se3 fibers with realistic parameters for the optimal fiber lengths shorter than 1 m. For commercial As2S3 and customized tellurite glass fibers, the expected squeezing in the −20–−15 dB range can be reached for fiber lengths of the order of 1 m.
An optical fiber with a high Kerr nonlinearity coefficient is proposed and produced from a bismuth-modified tellurite glass for creation of nonclassical multiphoton states of light. Specifically, we propose to use those fibers to squeeze the quantum fluctuations of one of the quadratures of light in the 20 W signal significantly below -10 dB compared to the standard quantum noise limit, which is important for various practical applications. Using numerical modeling based on stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, we demonstrate noise squeezing stronger than -16 dB for lengths of tellurite fiber 6-14 m, while squeezing of -14 dB is expected in silica fibers for lengths of 120-300 m. Analytical formulas were used to analyse the physical factors which limit the squeezing achievable.
Light with suppressed quantum fluctuations is desirable for a lot of applications. There are several approaches to suppress a noise including Kerr squeezing in optical fibres. Silica fibres are commonly used for this purpose. Here we propose to use highly nonlinear tellurite glass fibres for Kerr squeezing of CW laser field and demonstrate by simulations in the framework of the stochastic generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation the possibility of –20 dB noise suppression. In simulations, Raman terms and losses are switched on and switched off to find their contributions to the limits of squeezing. The analytical estimates without loss and with lumped loss are also given.
Generation of light with nonclassical properties, such as squeezed light, has gathered a lot of attention because of possible uses in such areas as quantum state engineering, quantum imaging, continuous variable quantum computing, and detection of gravitational waves. Squeezed light is generally produced by transporting light through a nonlinear medium. One such media is Kerr-nonlinear optical fibres. We aim to find the parameters for a fibre polarization squeezing setup by studying the dependencies of quantum noise suppression on the duration of the pulse and the input power. This is performed by modeling the light field propagation using the split-step Fourier method to numerically solve the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation obtained by using the Wigner representation. This equation includes such physical effects as damping, quantum loss noise, dispersion, Kerr and Raman nonlinearities, and stochastic Raman noise.