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IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP)

Remote Secure Communication System Based on Wireless Channel Key Generations

Yongjian Liu, Linning Peng, Shen He, Ye Tian, Fengsheng Wang

Published Oct 22, 2021• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we designed a remote secure communication system based on the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for wireless channel key generations. We firstly propose a better performance quantization method, then simulate the performance of polar codes based wireless channel secret key generation system by different key quantization methods and orders. In the experimental research, a remote wireless key generation system was proposed and established for the first time by N210 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) platforms. We collected six indoor and outdoor Channel State Information (CSI) scenarios, a Polar codes based forward secure communication system is designed to resist mismatching of quantified key bits due to the channel non-reciprocities. When the terminal is in the indoor environment, the success transmission rate could reach 100% without people movement, and in the case of outdoor Line-Of-Sight (LOS), the success transmission rate is around 90% in both LOS and Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios.

DOI
10.1109/icsip52628.2021.9688866

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In this paper, we designed a remote secure communication system based on the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for wireless channel key generations. We firstly propose a better performance quantization method, then simulate the performance of polar codes based wireless channel secret key generation system by different key quantization methods and orders. In the experimental research, a remote wireless key generation system was proposed and established for the first time by N210 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) platforms. We collected six indoor and outdoor Channel State Information (CSI) scenarios, a Polar codes based forward secure communication system is designed to resist mismatching of quantified key bits due to the channel non-reciprocities. When the terminal is in the indoor environment, the success transmission rate could reach 100% without people movement, and in the case of outdoor Line-Of-Sight (LOS), the success transmission rate is around 90% in both LOS and Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios.
At present, wireless communication technology greatly improves the transmission data rate, but at the same time, it also has higher and higher requirements for the realization of secure communication. From the perspective of information theory, the physical layer key system provides a new way to solve the problem of secure communication in wireless communication system. The uplink and downlink wireless channels with natural reciprocity are used as random sources to generate shared key. Firstly, this paper introduces the steps of a key distribution protocol with multi-level quantization based on the characteristics of wireless channel CSI. Secondly, the security of this kind of key distribution protocol is analyzed by the key generation rate and other evaluation metrics. Furthermore, it is verified by simulation in the typical channel model scenario of 4G communication mode. The simulation results show that the key distribution protocol based on the characteristics of wireless channel can achieve a key generation rate of 5 bits/resource block under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio (such as 20dB) in the current communication network circumstance, and the generated key sequence has sufficient randomness, so as to achieve effective secure communication.
Wireless secret key generation exploits unpredictable multi-path features from wireless channel to achieve high secure key bits. Most of the existing wireless secret key generation methods require information reconciliation process to correct discrepant key bits between the keying parties, which reveals information to the eavesdroppers and increases the system complexity. This paper introduces an integrated wireless secret key based transmission (WSKT) scheme for machine to machine (M2M) communications, using nonreconciled key bits generated from wireless channels without information reconciliation but sharing the error correction capability of channel coding. Polar code and stream encryption are employed to achieve secure communication. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed WSKT can achieve secure M2M communications which only causes a slight degradation on the system performance.
Physical layer key generation that exploits reciprocity and randomness of wireless fading channels has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Despite much research efforts in this field, the problem of wireless key generation at long distance and low data rate remains unknown and has not been studied. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments and analysis in real indoor and outdoor environments to explore the feasibility of wireless key generation for long range (LoRa)-based network. Our experimental results show that: 1) the low transmission rate will lead to low channel reciprocity which makes wireless key generation significantly challenging and 2) when the requirement of high reciprocity is fulfilled, two nodes can generate the same secret key even when they are far away from each other (a few kilometers). Building on the strengths of existing secret key extraction approaches, we present LoRa-Key, the first complete key establishment protocol for LoRa network by exploring the shared randomness extracted from measured received signal strength indicator. LoRa-Key employs a number of signal processing techniques to improve key generation rate significantly. Moreover, we propose a novel compressive sensing-based reconciliation framework to reduce mismatch rate. Experimental results show that LoRa-Key can achieve key establishment rates of 18 bit/s in stationary scenario and 31 bit/s in mobile scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that studies key generation protocol for LoRa network.
Due to the sensitivity of the information exchanged in Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication, generating secret keys is critical to secure these communications. As nature is open access, distributed keys are more vulnerable to attacks in the vehicular environment. Physical layer key generation methods using wireless channel characteristics show promise in preventing such attacks, generating keys independently, and removing the need for distribution. In this paper, we present a novel key generation approach in a real vehicular environment based on Channel State Information (CSI), including a new algorithm for key bit extraction. We implemented our algorithm using USRP B210 Software-Defined Radios (SDR) and the industry-standard V2X communication protocol: IEEE 802.11p. The proposed key generation protocol uses the CSI values of each sub-carrier as a source of randomness, from which bits are extracted using a new QAM demodulator quantizer (QAM-Dem-Quan). We compared our technique to state-of-the-art Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based approaches, and show that our method achieves better performance. Moreover, we reached a min-entropy of approximately 70% for the generated keys and a key generation rate of less than150 μs150~\mu \text{s}150 μs/key for key lengths ranging from 16 to 128 bits.
Dynamic secret key generation from wireless channel characteristics is a promising technique for physical layer security. One of the important issues in this field is extending the secret key’s length while preserving its uniformity and randomness. This paper proposes a key generation method based on time-varying and the reciprocity of wireless channels for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communication systems. In the proposed technique, the complex impulse response (CIR) of the estimated channel state information (CSI) is extracted, and a quantization algorithm is designed to convert the maximum peaks of the CIR into secret key bits. The effectiveness of the proposed key generation technique is assessed in terms of the randomness of the produced key bits with different key lengths by using a statistical test suite of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The proposed technique is employed in the MIMO-OFDM systems with different modulation schemes through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. The simulation results show that the secret keys with various key lengths generated from the proposed technique for the MIMO-OFDM systems guarantee randomness. Moreover, the proposed CSI-based key generation technique provides better effectiveness in terms of security when compared to some existing techniques.
Wireless communication between two nodes in a multi-path, multi-hop network does not require that the forward transmission path and the reverse one are the same. However, if a physical-layer security scheme based on mutual channel-state-information (CSI) is used, they at least have to make sure that they use the same channels for secret-key generation. A protocol is proposed in this paper to achieve that purpose in a secure manner. An information-theoretic analysis of physical-layer key generation given in states that there are vulnerable key symbols that might be estimated by eavesdroppers. In this paper, we show how to protect those key symbols by means of physical-layer key encoding. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the code in order to achieve perfect secrecy, even when the eavesdropper knows the code, and derive the asymptotic code rate accordingly. We also discuss how to design the code when the number of vulnerable key symbols are not known.