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How Classical, Super and Quantum Computers Work

Avi Nathan Peran

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Computers are a big part of our daily lives. From school to offices to-home, we are all using computers. You probably have a desktop or laptop computer in your house. You also probably have a cellphone in your house. Believe it or not it's a computer. However, you don’t have a super computer and definitely not a quantum computer. In this presentation I'll explain how Classical computers, Super computers and Quantum computers work and compare them to one another. Bibliography [1] “Computer Basics: What Is a Computer?” GCFGlobal.org, edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/. [2] “Computers for /The Basics.” Computers for Beginners/The Basics - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World, en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computers_for_Beginners/The_Basics [3] Fisher, Chris, and Eric Abenojar. “IBM: What Is Quantum Computing?” IBM Quantum, 2 Apr. 2009, www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/. [4] Gunter, Elsa L. "Computer." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar127860/Cpu [5] Chubb, Jennifer C. "Quantum computing." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar757070/quantum%20computers [6] Australian Research Council Gate based Quantum Computers. University of Bristol (Quantum in the Cloud Documentation} Center for Quantum Computing and Communication Technology University of New South Wales (http://www.cqc2t.org/) [7] University of Science and Technology (China) China hits milestone in developing quantum computer [8] Author’s in-person interviews with three IBM researchers at IBM Watson Quantum computers research center, Yorktwon Heights, NY, USA

DOI
10.2139/ssrn.3879680

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Computers are a big part of our daily lives. From school to offices to-home, we are all using computers. You probably have a desktop or laptop computer in your house. You also probably have a cellphone in your house. Believe it or not it's a computer. However, you don’t have a super computer and definitely not a quantum computer. In this presentation I'll explain how Classical computers, Super computers and Quantum computers work and compare them to one another. Bibliography [1] “Computer Basics: What Is a Computer?” GCFGlobal.org, edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/. [2] “Computers for /The Basics.” Computers for Beginners/The Basics - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World, en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computers_for_Beginners/The_Basics [3] Fisher, Chris, and Eric Abenojar. “IBM: What Is Quantum Computing?” IBM Quantum, 2 Apr. 2009, www.ibm.com/quantum-computing/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/. [4] Gunter, Elsa L. "Computer." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar127860/Cpu [5] Chubb, Jennifer C. "Quantum computing." World Book Student, World Book, 2020, worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar757070/quantum%20computers [6] Australian Research Council Gate based Quantum Computers. University of Bristol (Quantum in the Cloud Documentation} Center for Quantum Computing and Communication Technology University of New South Wales (http://www.cqc2t.org/) [7] University of Science and Technology (China) China hits milestone in developing quantum computer [8] Author’s in-person interviews with three IBM researchers at IBM Watson Quantum computers research center, Yorktwon Heights, NY, USA
Companies such as Intel as a pioneer in chip design for computing are pushing the edge of computing from its present Classical Computing generation to the next generation of Quantum Computing. Along the side of Intel corporation, companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and Google are also playing in this domain. The race is on to build the world’s first meaningful quantum computer—one that can deliver the technology’s long-promised ability to help scientists do things like develop miraculous new materials, encrypt data with near-perfect security and accurately predict how Earth’s climate will change. Such a machine is likely more than a decade away, but IBM, Microsoft, Google, Intel, and other tech heavyweights breathlessly tout each tiny, incremental step along the way. Most of these milestones involve packing more quantum bits, or qubits—the basic unit of information in a quantum computer—onto a processor chip ever. But the path to quantum computing involves far more than wrangling subatomic particles. Such computing capabilities are opening a new area into dealing with the massive sheer volume of structured and unstructured data in the form of Big Data, is an excellent augmentation to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and would allow it to thrive to its next generation of Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI) in the near-term time frame
Companies such as Intel as a pioneer in chip design for computing are pushing the edge of computing from its present Classical Computing generation to the next generation of Quantum Computing. Along the side of Intel corporation, companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and Google are also playing in this domain. The race is on to build the world’s first meaningful quantum computer—one that can deliver the technology’s long-promised ability to help scientists do things like develop miraculous new materials, encrypt data with near-perfect security and accurately predict how Earth’s climate will change. Such a machine is likely more than a decade away, but IBM, Microsoft, Google, Intel, and other tech heavyweights breathlessly tout each tiny, incremental step along the way. Most of these milestones involve packing more quantum bits, or qubits—the basic unit of information in a quantum computer—onto a processor chip ever. But the path to quantum computing involves far more than wrangling subatomic particles. Such computing capabilities are opening a new area into dealing with the massive sheer volume of structured and unstructured data in the form of Big Data, is an excellent augmentation to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and would allow it to thrive to its next generation of Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI) in the near-term time frame.
Quantum computing combines mathematics, quantum physics, and computer science to optimise, learn, and simulate chemical, physical, and biological systems.It offers the ability to solve problems in a unique method and to speed up solutions compared to standard procedures.This computing may solve issues with intractable inputs.With the capabilities of quantum computers and the availability of quantum development kits, quantum computing is expected to become ubiquitous, and the demand for trained people is expected to rise significantly.Quantum technologies are rapidly developing globally with substantial disruptive potential.Quantum technology is opening up new frontiers in computing, communications, and cyber security with widespread applications.The range of quantum technologies is expected to be one of the significant technology disruptions that will change the entire paradigm of computation, communication, and encryption.It is perceived that the countries that achieve an edge in this emerging field will have a more significant advantage in garnering multifold economic growth and dominant leadership roles.It is expected that lots of commercial applications will emerge from the developing theoretical constructs in this area.In India, there is a growing interest in quantum computing and communication with active participation from students, developers, industry, and academia, leading to many recent initiatives and developments.This article provides an overview of some of the recent developments of quantum computing in India and the future ahead.In its 2020 budget, the Indian government announced the National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications, which will be run by the Department of Science and Technology with a budget of 80 billion INR over five years [1].Among the next-generation technologies that will be pushed by this mission are quantum computers and computing, quantum communication, quantum key distribution, cryptanalysis, quantum devices, quantum sensing, quantum materials, quantum clocks, and so on.The mission will focus on basic science, technology development, building up human and infrastructure resources, innovation, and new businesses to solve problems that are important to the country.By putting the mission into action, India would be able to develop and use quantum computers, secure communications through fibre and free space, quantum encryption and cryptanalysis, and other related technologies.It would also be able to deal with national and regional problems that are unique to India.International Business Machines (IBM) and the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-Madras) joined forces in September 2022 to help India learn more about quantum computing and accelerate research [2].With this partnership, IIT Madras becomes one of the more than 180 members of the IBM Quantum Network around the world.IIT Madras is also the "first Indian institution" to join the global community of Fortune 500 companies, start-ups, academic institutions, and research labs working with IBM quantum technology to improve quantum computing and find business uses for it.As a member of the IBM Quantum Network, IIT Madras will have cloud-based access to IBM's most advanced quantum computing systems and IBM's quantum expertise.This will allow to look into real-world applications and see how this technology can help business and society in a wide range of ways.International Business Machines has also taken a number of steps to promote quantum computing in India and make it more well-known.IBM has made Qiskit, an open-source software development kit for the quantum developer community.The textbook "Qiskit" is available in Tamil, Bengali, and Hindi, and students in India accessed it more than 30,000 times in 2021 alone.Through the IBM Quantum Educators Programme, IBM works together with some of India's best schools.For educational purposes, teachers and students at these schools will be able to use IBM Cloud to access quantum systems, quantum learning resources, and quantum tools.With help from the National Security Council Secretariat, the Indian Army set up a laboratory for quantum computing and a centre for artificial intelligence at the Military College of
Over the last three decades computers have become exceptionally compact and faster. Now that we have reached the fifth generation of computers which include concepts of artificial intelligence, what’s next? There is a lot of fuss about quantum computers being a strong contender for the next generation of computing. Recently we heard stories about small scale quantum computers being built by technology giants like IBM and Google and also an instance of quantum supremacy. One of the key features of quantum computing is its core concept, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, which we have avoided with our classic computers. Quantum computers are the first ones to deviate from the basic concept of bits. To understand this difference in the fundamental concepts, we start with basic building blocks in conventional computers, bits and draw contrasts with those in quantum computers. Further explore how rudimentary operations are performed in both machines by comparing addition operations of 2 and 3 bits. Followed by a brief detail on current research on quantum computers and claims on their supremacy over current machines. Then we elaborate on the world of new possibilities and unsolvable problems quantum computers have the ability to tackle. This paper aims at giving a gist of quantum computing to beginners, starting with fundamentals to current research by identifying stark contrasts with conventional machines. It also explores the need of new computation powers and why we have reached almost the tail end of processing power of classical computers.