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Mathematical Modeling and Computing

The evolution of geometric Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle for spin 1 system

Umair Abdul Halim, Hishamuddin B Zainuddin, Kar Tim Chan, Sh. K. Said Husain

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Geometric Quantum Mechanics is a mathematical framework that shows how quantum theory may be expressed in terms of Hamiltonian phase-space dynamics. The states are points in complex projective Hilbert space, the observables are real valued functions on the space, and the Hamiltonian flow is specified by the Schrödinger equation in this framework. The quest to express the uncertainty principle in geometrical language has recently become the focus of significant research in geometric quantum mechanics. One has demonstrated that the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle, which is a stronger version of the uncertainty relation, can be defined in terms of symplectic form and Riemannian metric. On the basis of this formulation, we study the dynamical behavior of the uncertainty relation for the spin 1 system in this work. We show that under Hamiltonian flow, the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principles are not invariant. This is because, unlike the symplectic area, the Riemannian metric is not invariant under Hamiltonian flow throughout the evolution process.

DOI
10.23939/mmc2022.01.036

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Geometric Quantum Mechanics is a mathematical framework that shows how quantum theory may be expressed in terms of Hamiltonian phase-space dynamics. The states are points in complex projective Hilbert space, the observables are real valued functions on the space, and the Hamiltonian flow is specified by the Schrödinger equation in this framework. The quest to express the uncertainty principle in geometrical language has recently become the focus of significant research in geometric quantum mechanics. One has demonstrated that the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principle, which is a stronger version of the uncertainty relation, can be defined in terms of symplectic form and Riemannian metric. On the basis of this formulation, we study the dynamical behavior of the uncertainty relation for the spin 1 system in this work. We show that under Hamiltonian flow, the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty principles are not invariant. This is because, unlike the symplectic area, the Riemannian metric is not invariant under Hamiltonian flow throughout the evolution process.
Geometric Quantum Mechanics is a formulation that demonstrates how quantum theory may be casted in the language of Hamiltonian phase-space dynamics. In this framework, the states are referring to points in complex projective Hilbert space, the observables are real valued functions on the space and the Hamiltonian flow is defined by Schr{\"o}dinger equation. Recently, the effort to cast uncertainty principle in terms of geometrical language appeared to become the subject of intense study in geometric quantum mechanics. One has shown that the stronger version of uncertainty relation i.e. the Robertson-Schr{\"o}dinger uncertainty relation can be expressed in terms of the symplectic form and Riemannian metric. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of the uncertainty relation for spin 12\frac{1}{2}21​ system based on this formulation. We show that the Robertson-Schr{\"o}dinger uncertainty principle is not invariant under Hamiltonian flow. This is due to the fact that during evolution process, unlike symplectic area, the Riemannian metric is not invariant under the flow.
Geometric Quantum Mechanics is a version of quantum theory that has been formulated in terms of Hamiltonian phase-space dynamics. The states in this framework belong to points in complex projective Hilbert space, the observables are real valued functions on the space, and the Hamiltonian flow is described by the Schr{\"o}dinger equation. Besides, one has demonstrated that the stronger version of the uncertainty relation, namely the Robertson-Schr{\"o}dinger uncertainty relation, may be stated using symplectic form and Riemannian metric. In this research, the generalized Robertson-Schr{\"o}dinger uncertainty principle for spin 12\frac{1}{2}21​ system has been constructed by considering the operators corresponding to arbitrary direction.
We present a geometric formulation of quantum mechanics based on the symplectic structure of the projective Hilbert space. Building upon the standard Kähler framework, we introduce an extension in which the symplectic structure is allowed to couple to a metric-affine background geometry, leading to a deformation of the Hamiltonian flow on the state space. We show that, under suitable conditions, the deformed structure remains symplectic and defines a well-posed Hamiltonian system. The formulation reduces to standard Schrödinger dynamics in the limit where the geometric deformation vanishes. Explicit analytical examples are constructed to illustrate the effect of the deformation. In particular, curvature-dependent deformations lead to a rescaling of Hamiltonian flows, while torsion-induced contributions produce direction-dependent corrections. In addition, geometric phases acquire corrections determined by the deformed symplectic structure. These results provide a mathematically consistent framework for exploring geometric modifications of quantum evolution induced by background curvature and affine structure.
The theory of geometric quantum mechanics describes a quantum system as a Hamiltonian dynamical system with a complex projective Hilbert space as its phase space, thus equipped with a Riemannian metric in addition to a symplectic structure. This paper extends the geometric quantum theory to include aspects of the symplectic topology of the state space by identifying the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relation for pure quantum states as the differential version of the energy identity in the theory of JJJ-holomorphic curves. We consider a family of maps from a Riemann surface into a finite-dimensional quantum state space by using the vector fields generated by two quantum observables,and show that the Fubini-Study metric tensor pulls back by such a map to the covariance tensor for the two observables. By calculating the map energy density in the pull-back metric, the uncertainty relation is represented as an equality that compares the map energy differential to the sum of the pull-back of the symplectic form and a positive definite term that vanishes when the map is holomorphic. Saturation of the Robertson-Schrödinger inequality occurs when the map is conformal and the off-diagonal covariance terms vanish. For compact Riemann surfaces where such a map can be globally defined, if the map is holomorphic, it is harmonic and its image is a minimal surface. In this case, the uncertainty product integral is a topological invariant that depends only on the homology class of the curve modulo its boundary.
In this paper we use symplectic reduction in an Uhlmann bundle to construct a principal fiber bundle over a general space of unitarily equivalent mixed quantum states. The bundle, which generalizes the Hopf bundle for pure states, gives in a canonical way rise to a Riemannian metric and a symplectic structure on the base space. With these we derive a geometric uncertainty relation for observables acting on quantum systems in mixed states. We also give a geometric proof of the classical Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relation, and we compare the two. They turn out not to be equivalent, because of the multiple dimensions of the gauge group for general mixed states. We give examples of observables for which the geometric relation provides a stronger estimate than that of Robertson and Schrödinger, and vice versa.
Quantum mechanics is among the most important and successful mathematical model for describing our physical reality. The traditional formulation of quantum mechanics is linear and algebraic. In contrast classical mechanics is a geometrical and non-linear theory that is defined on a symplectic manifold. However, after invention of general relativity, we are convinced that geometry is physical and effect us in all scale. Hence the geometric formulation of quantum mechanics sought to give a unified picture of physical systems based on its underling geometrical structures, e.g., now, the states are represented by points of a symplectic manifold with a compatible Riemannian metric, the observables are real-valued functions on the manifold, and the quantum evolution is governed by a symplectic flow that is generated by a Hamiltonian function. In this work we will give a compact introduction to main ideas of geometric formulation of quantum mechanics. We will provide the reader with the details of geometrical structures of both pure and mixed quantum states. We will also discuss and review some important applications of geometric quantum mechanics.