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Routledge eBooks

David Bohm and Basil Hiley

Harald Atmanspacher A, Dean P. Rickles

Published Jan 31, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the work of David Bohm carried out together and then pursued and amplified by his collaborator Basil Hiley. Like the case studies in the other chapters, quantum physics played a key role in this approach too, especially the notion of non-local order. Bohm distinguishes between “implicate order” and “explicate order,” with the former constituting the psychophysically neutral realm similar to Pauli and Jung’s Unus Mundus from which both the mental and the physical emerge as explications. In this view, meaning is involved at the deep, implicate level through the notion of “active information”. When the implicate order (an undivided whole) is explicated into a multiplicity, this does naturally imply correlations that constitute the mind-matter connection. We also explore Hiley’s algebraic accounts linking back to Eddington’s ideas, as well as some of Bohm’s views of the relation between perception, language, and reality.

DOI
10.4324/9781003270584-7

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Abstract David Bohm’s notion of implicate order, while relatively well-known, is often said to be difficult to understand, and is almost completely absent in contemporary discussions in philosophy of quantum theory and relativity. Yet one can argue that it is a key part of Bohm’s and Basil Hiley’s research programme which anticipates currently fashionable topics, such as the idea of space-time as emergent. In this paper my aim is to briefly review the origin of Bohm’s focus on the notion of order, and the related notion that continuous space-time is an abstraction from a discrete structural process.

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This chapter focuses on the work of David Bohm carried out together and then pursued and amplified by his collaborator Basil Hiley. Like the case studies in the other chapters, quantum physics played a key role in this approach too, especially the notion of non-local order. Bohm distinguishes between “implicate order” and “explicate order,” with the former constituting the psychophysically neutral realm similar to Pauli and Jung’s Unus Mundus from which both the mental and the physical emerge as explications. In this view, meaning is involved at the deep, implicate level through the notion of “active information”. When the implicate order (an undivided whole) is explicated into a multiplicity, this does naturally imply correlations that constitute the mind-matter connection. We also explore Hiley’s algebraic accounts linking back to Eddington’s ideas, as well as some of Bohm’s views of the relation between perception, language, and reality.
David Bohm (1917-1992) was a major figure in 20th century physics and one of its most original thinkers. From the time of his classic textbook Quantum theory (1951), through Causality and chance in modern physics (1957), The special theory of relativity (1965), to Wholeness and the implicate order (1980), Bohm was concerned with deep philosophical issues, even more than Niels Bohr. Bohm’s ontological emphasis was “holonomic,” that is, ontology under the law of the whole. The Bohmian program continues to be carried forward today in physics by Basil Hiley and in philosophy by Paavo Pylkkanen.
Dual-Aspect Monism and the Deep Structure of Meaning investigates the metaphysical position of dual-aspect monism, with particular emphasis on the concept of meaning as a fundamental feature of the fabric of reality. As an alternative to other positions – mainly dualism, physicalism, idealism – that have been proposed to understand consciousness and its place in nature, the decompositional version of dual-aspect monism considers the mental and the physical as two aspects of one underlying undivided reality that is psychophysically neutral. Inspired by analogies with modern physics and driven by its conceptual problems, Wolfgang Pauli, Carl Gustav Jung, Arthur Eddington, John Wheeler, David Bohm, and Basil Hiley are the originators of the approaches studied. A radically novel common theme in their approaches is the constitutive role of meaning and its deep structure, relating the mental and the physical to a psychophysically neutral base.The authors reconstruct the formal structure of these approaches, and compare their conceptual emphases as well as their relative strengths and weaknesses. They also address a number of challenging themes for current and future interdisciplinary research, both theoretical and empirical, that arise from the presented frameworks of thinking. Dual-Aspect Monism and the Deep Structure of Meaning will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in consciousness studies, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, philosophy of physics, metaphysics, and the history of 20th-century philosophy and physics.
There are no overt lines of in?uence between the quantum-inspired dual-aspect approaches presented in previous chapters – though Pauli’s and Wheeler’s inspirations might have a common origin in some of Bohr’s ideas, and some of Bohm and Hiley’s speculations build on Eddington. But they were essentially each developed independently from one another, somewhat surprisingly converging onto numerous common features that are compared in this chapter. Connections are sought amongst their deeper philosophical foundations, especially those by Spinoza, Kant, Schelling and Hegel. Also explored is the way in which different elements of the surface structure and deep structure of meaning are positioned at the core of their metaphysical projects, along with the way in which the mind-matter connection is understood. A synoptic overview facilitates the comparison of key concepts and notions utilized in the three approaches.
This chapter discusses what appears to be the first version of decompositional dual-aspect monism that assigns a crucial role to meaning. Wolfgang Pauli and Carl Gustav Jung’s view, mainly developed in their correspondence, involves an underlying psychophysically neutral realm called the Unus Mundus (i.e. unitary world). What emerges is a highly innovative blend of physics and depth psychology. We use the analogy with quantum entanglement (and quantum holism) to clarify the relationship of the mental to the physical and the relation of both to an undivided psychophysically neutral domain. The phenomenon of synchronicity (i.e. non-causal yet meaningful connections) is discussed from this point of view. Empirical evidence for such phenomena is investigated in some detail, along with the well-known problem of reproducibility facing the interpretation of such events. Some initial tentative applications are then discussed in light of this analysis, including evolution and mathematical creativity. Finally, metaphysical aspects of the Unus Mundus in relation to symbols and archetypes are discussed with respect to their significance for the deep structure of meaning.
Abstract David Bohm’s notion of implicate order, while relatively well-known, is often said to be difficult to understand, and is almost completely absent in contemporary discussions in philosophy of quantum theory and relativity. Yet one can argue that it is a key part of Bohm’s and Basil Hiley’s research programme which anticipates currently fashionable topics, such as the idea of space-time as emergent. In this paper my aim is to briefly review the origin of Bohm’s focus on the notion of order, and the related notion that continuous space-time is an abstraction from a discrete structural process.