Principles of Quantum Computation

David Deutsch, ARTUR K. EKERT, Richard Jozsa +3 more

Yuri Ozhigov

The point of building a quantum computer is that it allows to model living things with predictive power and gives the opportunity to control life. Its scaling means not just the improvement of the instrument part, but also, mainly, mathematical and software tools, and our understanding of the QC problem. The first principle of quantum modeling is the reduction of reality to finite-dimensional models similar to QED in optical cavities. The second principle is a strict limitation of the so-called Feynman principle, the number of qubits in the standard formulation of the QC. This means treating decoherence exclusively as a limitation of the memory of a classical modeling computer, and introducing corresponding progressive restrictions on the working area of the Hilbert space of quantum states as the model expands. The third principle is similarity in processes of different nature. The quantum nature of reality is manifested in this principle; its nature is quantum nonlocality, which is the main property that ensures the prospects of quantum physical devices and their radical advantage over classical ones.

Stephen Fenner

T. Venkat Narayana Rao, Shirish Pathania

This paper is written to explicate the working of Quantum Computing and its mechanics. Quantum Computing is basically a minutefield from Nanotechnology. The main purpose of this paper is to explain an inexperienced user about the technology and principles used whiledesigning the architect of a quantum computer.Operational quantum computers would be a reality in forth coming years by the virtue of newmechanisms to explore and implementations.This paper is sectioned into 7 parts. Part 1 is a brief introduction to Quantum Computing i.e. basicworking principle of a Qubit. Part 2 covers Qubit and the architect of the whole system. It also enlightens us about the Qubit in more detail likehow data is represented, principles like superposition and state of composite system. Part 3 narrates how quantum Computing can be built usingQubits and applies the above mentioned principles. Part 4 deals with the basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics and some principles like dualnature of light and Uncertainty Principle. Part 5 depicts about the advantages of Quantum Computer over present computing systems. Part 6discusses the overheads of Quantum Computing. Part 7 describes about implementation of Quantum Computing in today’s world. Finally thispaper offers an insight about how and by when we would be able to design a full time Quantum Computer and what are the probableconsiderations to be taken in to account. Keywords: Hilbert space, Bloch Sphere Qubit, Superposition, Entanglement, Spin, Eigen values, Ket vectors, Wave-particle duality, Uncertaintyprinciple, Quantum mechanics, decoherence

ARTUR K. EKERT, Patrick M. Hayden, Hitoshi Inamori

Pravin Puri, Prashant Kardile, Shyam Manza

The convergence of quantum computing (QC) and biopharmaceutical science promises to revolutionize molecular design and predictive pharmacology. Quantum computing — harnessing principles of superposition, entanglement and quantum algorithms — enables simulation of molecular interactions with a precision and scale beyond the reach of classical methods. This review outlines the fundamental principles of QC, discusses current applications in drug discovery and pharmacology, highlights hybrid quantum-classical approaches and quantum-machine learning (QML), and examines the challenges and future directions. The review suggests that, though currently at a nascent stage, QC could dramatically reduce drug development timelines, improve success rates, and pave the way for personalized medicine and complex biologics design.