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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Cryptanalysis of quantum digital signature for the access control of sensitive data

Xiao‐Qiu Cai, Tian‐Yin Wang, Chun‐Yan Wei, Fei Gao

Published Jan 25, 2022• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physa.2022.126949

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Electronic Health Records (EHRs) form the backbone of modern healthcare, ensuring seamless access to a patient’s medical history and fostering effective patient-doctor relationships. Their digital nature, however, exposes them to myriad security threats, including unauthorized access, tampering, and fraudulent alterations. Traditional cryptographic techniques, while effective in the current digital landscape, might not stand robust against future threats, especially those posed by quantum computers. This paper introduces Quantum Digital Signatures (QDS) as a cutting-edge approach to address this burgeoning concern. QDS leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to provide an additional layer of security, making it computationally infeasible for adversaries to forge or alter signed messages, including sensitive EHR data. Unlike conventional digital signatures that depend on the presumed difficulty of certain mathematical problems, the security attributes of QDS stem from the fundamental laws of quantum physics, ensuring a higher level of integrity and authenticity. We present a comprehensive overview of the QDS protocol and its integration into current EHR systems. Our comparative analysis with existing cryptographic techniques illuminates the advantages of QDS, especially in preventing undetected alterations and ensuring non-repudiation. Practical deployment challenges, including quantum device imperfections and potential integration bottlenecks, are also addressed. The adoption of Quantum Digital Signatures in safeguarding EHRs ushers in a new era of medical data security. While the large-scale implementation of such quantum technologies is still in its infancy, proactive research and early adoption are pivotal in preparing healthcare systems for future challenges. Through this research, we advocate for the broader integration of quantum cryptographic techniques, such as QDS, to uphold the sanctity and trustworthiness of electronic medical data in the face of evolving digital threats.
Access control in cloud-based computing environments is in essence a security mechanism enabling decisions as to which subjects may access which protected resources and under what operations. The rapid emergence of quantum computing threatens the hardness assumptions underlying classical digital signatures and public‑key infrastructures. The authors of this work recently proposed a novel quantum ice-cream model to demonstrate the basic concepts of quantum cryptography in a simple and intuitive manner. In this work we present a novel quantum ice-cream digital signature scheme by using our proposed quantum ice-cream model. Our quantum ice-cream digital signature scheme maps two non-commuting measurement bases to the ‘flavor’ and ‘shape’ attributes of the quantum ice-cream model. It achieves information-theoretic security against forgery and repudiation via threshold tests and natively supports signer–verifier–arbiter workflow that is suitable for cloud access control. Although our scheme is presented theoretically, a rigorous mathematical analysis has been carried out using Hoeffding-type inequalities. We also discuss the implementation of our proposed scheme by using weak-coherent BB84-like optics with decoy states. This article demonstrates that our proposed quantum ice-cream digital signature scheme preserves the practicality of memoryless quantum digital signature schemes while aligning with cloud authorization requirements. Furthermore, we draw analogies between the design of our proposed QIDS and robust control theory to provide an interdisciplinary perspective on system stability and security.