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Two-photon resonant, stimulated processes in krypton and xenon

Joel C. Miller

Published Nov 1, 1988• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Both on-axis and conical emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and in the latter case, many p..-->..s, d..-->..p, and f..-->..d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, and parametric four-wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p..-->..s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring. 4 refs., 3 figs.

Related papers

Two-photon resonant, stimulated processes in krypton and xenon

John C. Miller

Both on‐axis and conical emissions have been observed following two‐photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p’, 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed and in the latter case, many p → s, d → p, and f → d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well‐studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper‐Raman scattering, and parametric four‐wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p → s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1989•1 citation

Two-photon resonant multiphoton ionization and stimulated emission in krypton and xenon

John C. Miller

Forward- and backward-directed, stimulated emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. Multiphoton ionization spectra are also obtained and compared with the photon-detected excitation spectra. In krypton coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and for xenon many p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s, d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p, and f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali-metal and alkaline-earth examples, the emissions are assigned as amplified spontaneous emission. Several intensity anomalies in the xenon p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring.

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Conical emission in atomic xenon

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Excitation of xenon near the two-photon resonance between the ground state and the 6p(1/2,0) state produces forward conical emission at a wavelength close to the 828-nm 6p(1/2,0)—6s(3/ 2,1) excited-state transition. We describe experimental features of this process as excited by 600-ps pulses of 250-nm radiation from a frequency-doubled dye laser with intensity up to 1.3 × 108 W/ cm2 in xenon at pressures of 1-20 Torr. The conical emission occurs most prominently when the driving field is a few gigahertz above the frequency at which spontaneous emission from the excited 6p state peaks. The cone angle increases with xenon pressure in the 1-10-Torr range. The dependence appears consistent with the predictions based on noncollinearly phase-matched four-wave mixing. In this interpretation, the fourth wave would be near resonance with the 146.9-nm first resonance transition of xenon and detuned to the low-frequency side. The conical emission co-exists (and may compete with) an axial stimulated process which may be either two-photon driven amplified spontaneous emission or stimulated hyper-Raman scattering. The different tuning characteristics for the two processes make the extent of their competition unclear.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1987•0 citations

Stimulated emissions and quantum interference in potassium atom laser interaction

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The interaction of a laser with potassium atoms is investigated by monitoring the radiation of the 5P-4S transition under the two-photon 4S(1/2)-6S(1/2) excitation. For low number density and laser intensity the observed radiation is parametric axial or conical, depending on the laser detuning from the two-photon resonance, the number density and the laser intensity. With increasing laser intensities and number densities, an additional delayed component is observed corresponding to a two-step four-wave mixing with the participation of internally generated photons. A two-photon quantum interference effect is observed for the total (axial and conical) parametric four-wave mixing emission. A deviation from the proposed model under certain experimental parameters is attributed to a two-step four-wave mixing and the phase mismatch of the parametric processes.

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The two‐photon excitation of 4S1/2–7S1/2 transition of potassium atoms is studied. Several coherent emissions and processes are possible, such as parametric four‐wave (PFWM), parametric six‐wave (PSWM) mixing and competition with the stimulated hyper Raman (SHRS) and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The radiations at the transitions 6P3/2,1/2−4S1/2, 6S1/2−4P3/2,1/2 and 5P3/2,1/2−4S1/2 are emitted only in the forward direction (indicating a parametric process), while the radiation at the transition 4P3/2,1/2−4S1/2 is emitted in the forward and in the backward direction, indicating an ASE process.

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Influence on parametric four-wave mixing of a two-photon interference effect

W. R. Garrett, Richard Wunderlich, Roger C. Hart +2 more

If an extended Na vapor column (heat pipe configuration) is subjected to strong laser pumping near two-photon resonance with 3D3/2,5/2 or 4D3/2,5/2 states at pressures above tens of millitorr, strong stimulated emissions are produced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated electron in hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) and by phase matched parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM). These new electromagnetic fields that are generated within the near-resonant nonlinear medium can strongly influence the total atomic response and produce several saturation and total cancellation types of effect.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Apr 24, 1989•0 citations
Both on-axis and conical emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and in the latter case, many p..-->..s, d..-->..p, and f..-->..d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, and parametric four-wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p..-->..s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring. 4 refs., 3 figs.
Both on‐axis and conical emissions have been observed following two‐photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p’, 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed and in the latter case, many p → s, d → p, and f → d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well‐studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper‐Raman scattering, and parametric four‐wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p → s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring.
Forward- and backward-directed, stimulated emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. Multiphoton ionization spectra are also obtained and compared with the photon-detected excitation spectra. In krypton coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and for xenon many p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s, d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p, and f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali-metal and alkaline-earth examples, the emissions are assigned as amplified spontaneous emission. Several intensity anomalies in the xenon p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring.
Excitation of xenon near the two-photon resonance between the ground state and the 6p(1/2,0) state produces forward conical emission at a wavelength close to the 828-nm 6p(1/2,0)—6s(3/ 2,1) excited-state transition. We describe experimental features of this process as excited by 600-ps pulses of 250-nm radiation from a frequency-doubled dye laser with intensity up to 1.3 × 108 W/ cm2 in xenon at pressures of 1-20 Torr. The conical emission occurs most prominently when the driving field is a few gigahertz above the frequency at which spontaneous emission from the excited 6p state peaks. The cone angle increases with xenon pressure in the 1-10-Torr range. The dependence appears consistent with the predictions based on noncollinearly phase-matched four-wave mixing. In this interpretation, the fourth wave would be near resonance with the 146.9-nm first resonance transition of xenon and detuned to the low-frequency side. The conical emission co-exists (and may compete with) an axial stimulated process which may be either two-photon driven amplified spontaneous emission or stimulated hyper-Raman scattering. The different tuning characteristics for the two processes make the extent of their competition unclear.
The interaction of a laser with potassium atoms is investigated by monitoring the radiation of the 5P-4S transition under the two-photon 4S(1/2)-6S(1/2) excitation. For low number density and laser intensity the observed radiation is parametric axial or conical, depending on the laser detuning from the two-photon resonance, the number density and the laser intensity. With increasing laser intensities and number densities, an additional delayed component is observed corresponding to a two-step four-wave mixing with the participation of internally generated photons. A two-photon quantum interference effect is observed for the total (axial and conical) parametric four-wave mixing emission. A deviation from the proposed model under certain experimental parameters is attributed to a two-step four-wave mixing and the phase mismatch of the parametric processes.
The two‐photon excitation of 4S1/2–7S1/2 transition of potassium atoms is studied. Several coherent emissions and processes are possible, such as parametric four‐wave (PFWM), parametric six‐wave (PSWM) mixing and competition with the stimulated hyper Raman (SHRS) and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The radiations at the transitions 6P3/2,1/2−4S1/2, 6S1/2−4P3/2,1/2 and 5P3/2,1/2−4S1/2 are emitted only in the forward direction (indicating a parametric process), while the radiation at the transition 4P3/2,1/2−4S1/2 is emitted in the forward and in the backward direction, indicating an ASE process.
If an extended Na vapor column (heat pipe configuration) is subjected to strong laser pumping near two-photon resonance with 3D3/2,5/2 or 4D3/2,5/2 states at pressures above tens of millitorr, strong stimulated emissions are produced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated electron in hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) and by phase matched parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM). These new electromagnetic fields that are generated within the near-resonant nonlinear medium can strongly influence the total atomic response and produce several saturation and total cancellation types of effect.