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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Tunable magnon antibunching in a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system with two qubits

Xiyun Li, Xin Wang, Zhen Yu Wu, Wen‐Xing Yang, Aixi Chen

Published Dec 29, 2021• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We explore a scheme to investigate the tunable magnon antibunching characteristics of the conventional magnon blockade (CMB) and the unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) in a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system. The magnon excited in the yttrium iron garnet is indirectly coupled to two qubits by eliminating two mutually perpendicular microwave cavity modes. In our paper, we relax the magnon-qubits detuning constraint. In two cases with and without magnon-qubits detuning, it is found that in the strong coupling regime CMB and UMB coexist in our system, and they can be regulated simultaneously by varying the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio. In the weak coupling regime, there exists only the UMB in the system. Without magnon-qubits detuning, the UMB shows a nonmonotonic dependence on the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio. With magnon-qubits detuning, for the UMB, the magnon bunching effect and antibunching effect can be converted mutually by adjusting the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio. Moreover, changing the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio has a significant impact on the antibunching effect against the thermal magnon excitation. Our research results provide a theoretical scheme for the manipulation of magnon antibunching characteristics, and have important practical significance for the construction of a single magnon source.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.104.224434

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We explore a scheme to investigate the tunable magnon antibunching characteristics of the conventional magnon blockade (CMB) and the unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) in a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system. The magnon excited in the yttrium iron garnet is indirectly coupled to two qubits by eliminating two mutually perpendicular microwave cavity modes. In our paper, we relax the magnon-qubits detuning constraint. In two cases with and without magnon-qubits detuning, it is found that in the strong coupling regime CMB and UMB coexist in our system, and they can be regulated simultaneously by varying the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio. In the weak coupling regime, there exists only the UMB in the system. Without magnon-qubits detuning, the UMB shows a nonmonotonic dependence on the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio. With magnon-qubits detuning, for the UMB, the magnon bunching effect and antibunching effect can be converted mutually by adjusting the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio. Moreover, changing the magnon-qubits coupling strength ratio and the qubits detuning ratio has a significant impact on the antibunching effect against the thermal magnon excitation. Our research results provide a theoretical scheme for the manipulation of magnon antibunching characteristics, and have important practical significance for the construction of a single magnon source.
In this work, we study the phenomena of quantum-interference-assisted magnon blockade and magnon antibunching in a weakly interacting hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system. The magnon excitations in two yttrium iron garnet spheres are indirectly coupled to a superconducting qubit through microwave cavity modes of two mutually perpendicular cavities. We find that when one of the magnon modes is driven by a weak microwave field, the destructive interference between more than two distinct transition pathways restricts the simultaneous excitation of two magnons. We analyze the magnon correlations in the driven magnon mode for the case of zero detunings as well as finite detunings of the magnon modes and the qubit. We show that the magnon antibunching can be tuned by changing the magnon-qubit coupling strength ratio and the driving detuning. Our work proposes a possible scheme that has a significant role in the construction of single magnon generating devices.
We propose a scheme for achieving magnon antibunching in a hybrid ferromagnet–superconductor system, where the magnons excited in two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres couple the different levels of a cyclic three-level superconducting qubit by eliminating two perpendicular microwave cavity modes. With the aid of the three-level system, we find that the magnon antibunching can be achieved in a weak coupling regime via the degenerate three-wave mixing process. Moreover, it is found that the magnon antibunching inside a YIG2 sphere can be effectively regulated by manipulating the YIG1 sphere, for instance, the coupling strength of the YIG1 sphere and qubit and the driving strengths of the system. This work provides an alternative scheme for constructing the single magnon source based on the ferromagnet–superconductor technology and is conducive to studying the quantum properties of magnons.
Abstract We study the magnon antibunching effect in the magnon-qubit coupling system under the joint action of coherent and parametric drives. The analysis and numerical results reveal the conventional magnon blockade (CMB) caused by the anharmonic level splitting induced by strong magnon–qubit coupling and the unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) induced by multipath destructive interference. Notably, in the strong-coupling regime, substituting the CMB condition into the optimal UMB condition yields a phase-tuned CMB-constrained UMB condition, which simultaneously realizes strong magnon antibunching and a high single-magnon occupation probability. This combines the high brightness afforded by CMB with the high purity provided by UMB. Furthermore, in the weak-coupling regime, coordinated tuning of the phase, detuning, parametric drive, and coupling strength induces destructive interference among distinct excitation pathways, thereby yielding the UMB effect. Importantly, even in the zero-coupling limit, the additional channel provided by the parametric drive can sustain this blockade. This flexibility removes the reliance on stringent strong-coupling constraints, offering a viable route toward tunable strong magnon antibunching.
We theoretically propose a magnon-based superconducting qubit hybrid system containing two ferromagnetic yttrium iron garnets (YIGs) and one superconducting qubit, demonstrating that this hybrid quantum system is feasible in achieving the unconventional two-mode magnon blockade and generating the quantum correlated magnon pairs. Through the virtual-photon excitation mediated by the same cavity mode, the effective couplings can be established not only between the Kittel modes and the qubit, but also between the two Kittel modes. We characterize the magnon blockade by utilizing the equal-time second-order correlation functions and impose a constraint on the correlations between the two Kittel modes by introducing the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality (CSI). In the weak qubit-magnon coupling regime, our results indicate the following: (i) Under the scenario of the resonance couplings, the ratio of driving strengths and the ratio of coupling strengths between the two Kittel modes and the cavity mode can be employed to control and regulate the magnon blockade and the violation of the CSI. Not only the two Kittel modes can achieve the unconventional magnon antibunching effects simultaneously, but also the correlations between them violate the classical CSI. It is important to note that when the degrees of both the antibunching effects for the two Kittel modes and the anticorrelation between them reach their highest levels simultaneously, the correlations happen not to violate the CSI. But our proposal offers a feasible route for preparing a high-quality single-magnon source. (ii) Under the scenario of the out-of-resonance couplings, by adjusting the frequency detunings between the first Kittel mode and the second Kittel mode as well as the qubit, the quantum correlated two-mode magnon pairs can be obtained. (iii) Finally, it is found that the magnon antibunching effect of the second Kittel mode is robust against the dissipation ratio between the two Kittel modes. These results illustrate how to optimally choose the parameters to realize nonclassical magnon pair generation and CSI violation. The hybrid YIG quantum system we propose here holds the potential in the development of efficient microwave single-magnon sources and quantum magnon-magnon pairs required in future quantum information processing tasks.
We propose an alternative scheme for implementing the antibunching effects of two-magnon bundle in a hybrid ferromagnet-superconductor system, where a magnon mode from the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere interacts with a three-level superconducting qubit via photon virtual excitation in the microwave cavity. With the help of the qubit driving from the ground state to the excited state, the cascaded emission of magnon occurs and then the two-magnon bundle is formed. By analyzing the ordinary and generalized second-order correlation functions, it is found that the antibunched two-magnon bundle could be achieved via properly choosing the system parameters, which is originated from the anharmonicity of dressed energy levels induced by magnon-qubit couplings. The distinct feature is that high-proportion n-magnon emission could be obtained via relaxing the restriction on the strong qubit driving and magnon-qubit coupling, which may provide a feasible method to realize the high-quality multimagnon source for quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
We study the generation of a magnon blockade in a single-crystalline yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere coupled to a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator that interacts with a superconducting qubit. Based on the indirect coupling between the Kittel mode of YIG and the superconducting qubit mediated by the virtual photon excitation in the microwave cavity, we propose two different mechanisms for observing the magnon blockade effect in the ferromagnetic sphere. The first one is to use the strong anharmonicity of the dressed states of the coupled qubit-magnon system. However, the strong magnon antibunching can only be achieved under the strong-coupling regime. To relax this constraint, we propose another quantum interference method to produce and enhance the magnon blockade effect with the moderate-coupling strength. By optimizing the relative phase and the strength ratio of the external driving fields applied to the YIG and qubit, we show that the much stronger magnon antibunching with significantly increased steady-state mean magnon numbers can be realized by the destructive interference for the two-magnon excitation.