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Institute of Physics eBooks

Introduction

F. J. Duarte, T S Taylor

Published Jul 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The basic principles of quantum mechanics relevant to the probability amplitude of quantum entanglement, are introduced. The philosophical path to quantum entanglement, EPR to Bohm and Aharonov to Bell, and the physics path to quantum entanglement, Dirac to Wheeler to Pryce and Ward, are introduced and discussed. The introduction then concludes with a chapter-by-chapter description of the book and its intended purpose.

DOI
10.1088/978-0-7503-3407-5ch1

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The basic principles of quantum mechanics relevant to the probability amplitude of quantum entanglement, are introduced. The philosophical path to quantum entanglement, EPR to Bohm and Aharonov to Bell, and the physics path to quantum entanglement, Dirac to Wheeler to Pryce and Ward, are introduced and discussed. The introduction then concludes with a chapter-by-chapter description of the book and its intended purpose.
The experimental origin of quantum mechanics is highlighted and essential features of the photon are described. The philosophical path to quantum entanglement, as defined by the works of EPR to Bohm and Aharonov to Bell, and the physics path to quantum entanglement, as defined by the works of Dirac to Wheeler to Pryce and Ward, are introduced and discussed. The probability amplitude for quantum entanglement, discovered in 1947, is then introduced prior to a high-level overview of the field. The introduction then concludes with a chapter-by-chapter description of this book and its aims.
The experimental origin of quantum mechanics is highlighted, and essential features of the photon are described. The philosophical path to quantum entanglement, as defined by the works of EPR–Bohm and Aharonov–Bell, and the physics path to quantum entanglement, as defined by the works of Dirac–Wheeler–Pryce and Ward, are introduced and discussed. The probability amplitude for quantum Entanglement, discovered in 1947, is then introduced prior to a high-level overview of the field. This introduction then concludes with a chapter-by- chapter description of the book and its purpose.
Quantum entanglement (QE) has rapidly become a subject of great interest in academia, industry, and government research institutions. This book builds on the first edition of Fundamentals of Quantum Entanglement to provide a transparent and more insightful introduction for graduate students, scientists, and engineers. It is also a highly useful education tool for those practitioners that were not aware of the physical origin of quantum entanglement: the Dirac—Wheeler—Pryce—Ward physics. The new edition includes an expansion on topics such as quantum entropy and quantum time. The book provides a direct, practical, and transparent introduction to the principles and physics of quantum entanglement. It does so whilst utilizing an interferometric approach based on Dirac—Feynman superposition probability amplitudes. Part of IOP Series in Coherent Sources, Quantum Fundamentals, and Applications. Key features • Provides an overview of quantum entanglement at a basic level • Explains the philosophical origin of quantum entanglement as well as the physical origin • Presents the key equation for the probability amplitude for QE from three perspectives while emphasizing its interferometric derivation • Includes applications on Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Computing • Reviews the current technology of QE with an emphasis in space-to-space communications
Scope of this book Quantum mechanics is a difficult subject, and this book is intended to help the reader overcome the main difficulties in the way to understanding it. The first part of the book, Chs. 2–16, contains a systematic presentation of the basic principles of quantum theory, along with a number of examples which illustrate how these principles apply to particular quantum systems. The applications are, for the most part, limited to toy models whose simple structure allows one to see what is going on without using complicated mathematics or lengthy formulas. The principles themselves, however, are formulated in such a way that they can be applied to (almost) any nonrelativistic quantum system. In the second part of the book, Chs. 17–25, these principles are applied to quantum measurements and various quantum paradoxes, subjects which give rise to serious conceptual problems when they are not treated in a fully consistent manner. The final chapters are of a somewhat different character. Chapter 26 on decoherence and the classical limit of quantum theory is a very sketchy introduction to these important topics along with some indication as to how the basic principles presented in the first part of the book can be used for understanding them. Chapter 27 on quantum theory and reality belongs to the interface between physics and philosophy and indicates why quantum theory is compatible with a real world whose existence is not dependent on what scientists think and believe, or the experiments they choose to carry out. The Bibliography contains references for those interested in further reading or in tracing the origin of some of the ideas presented in earlier chapters.
Quantum interference and quantum entanglement are intrinsically ‘entangled’ at the most fundamental strata of quantum mechanics. In fact, John Clive Ward defined the whole of quantum mechanics in the following terms: ‘ the probability amplitude of quantum entanglement … was my first lesson in quantum mechanics, and in a very real sense my last, since all the rest is mere technique, which can be learnt from books. ’ Albeit Ward's opinion is somewhat colored by his ineffable genius, there is no doubt that quantum entanglement is at the foundations of quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement encapsulates indeterminacy, superposition, and nonlocality with sublime cohesiveness. In this chapter we describe the fine details of the physics of quantum entanglement, free of paradoxes, its interferometric origin, and its generalized character.