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Frontiers in Optics

1.5-THz-Bandwidth Digital Photonic Quantum Memory

Nathan T. Arnold, Michelle Victora, M. E. Goggin, Paul G. Kwiat

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum optical memories are a key component of quantum information applications. Here we develop a system with multiplexed free-space storage cavities, able to efficiently store single photons for up to 12.5 µs over several nanometers of bandwidth.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2021.fw1e.2

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Quantum optical memories are a key component in a variety of quantum information applications, from extending quantum communication channels to building high-efficiency single-photon sources to enabling protocols requiring multiple synchronized qubits. However, most current photon storage systems utilize light-matter interactions and are therefore not broadband; meanwhile the available broader-bandwidth photon storage systems operate with somewhat shorter storage times or require cryogenic operation. Here we develop a system with multiplexed free-space storage cavities, able to store single photons with high efficiency over variable delays, up to 12.5 µs, and over multiple nanometers bandwidth at room temperature. The system can store multiple qubits encoded in various degrees of freedom (e.g., time-bin, and polarization) simultaneously. The work presented here has demonstrated storage of polarization states for 1.25 µs and retrieval through single-mode fiber with a state fidelity >99% and efficiency 82%.
Photonic quantum memories will play an essential role in several quantum information protocols, including distributed quantum computing, quantum sensing, and the synchronization of repeater nodes. Most photonic memories operate by storing the photon in matter-based systems, but those approaches have limitations. Namely, they are inherently narrow bandwidth, often require costly overhead in the form of cryogenics, and typically have low retrieval efficiency into single-mode fiber. In this work, we develop a photonic quantum memory that operates at room temperature in free space, allowing us to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks.
We report the storage and retrieval of single photons, via a quantum memory, in the optical phonons of a room-temperature bulk diamond. The THz-bandwidth heralded photons are generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and mapped to phonons via a Raman transition, stored for a variable delay, and released on demand. The second-order correlation of the memory output is g((2))(0)=0.65±0.07, demonstrating a preservation of nonclassical photon statistics throughout storage and retrieval. The memory is low noise, high speed and broadly tunable; it therefore promises to be a versatile light-matter interface for local quantum processing applications.
Optical photons are powerful carriers of quantum information, which can be delivered in free space by satellites or in fibers on the ground over long distances. Entanglement of quantum states over long distances can empower quantum computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensing. Quantum optical memories are devices designed to store quantum information in the form of stationary excitations, such as atomic coherence, and are capable of coherently mapping these excitations to flying qubits. Quantum memories can effectively store and manipulate quantum states, making them indispensable elements in future long-distance quantum networks. Over the past two decades, quantum optical memories with high fidelities, high efficiencies, long storage times, and promising multiplexing capabilities have been developed, especially at the single-photon level. In this review, we introduce the working principles of commonly used quantum memory protocols and summarize the recent advances in quantum memory demonstrations. We also offer a vision for future quantum optical memory devices that may enable entanglement distribution over long distances.