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IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP)

Measuring the complex Joint Spectral Amplitude of photon pairs with a compact silicon chip

Massimo Borghi

Published Dec 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated Emission Tomography (SET) is a technique which maps the Joint Spectral Amplitude (JSA) of photon pairs with extremely high signal to noise ratio and low integration times. While the modulus of the JSA is easy to access, the retrieval of the Joint Spectral Phase (JSP) is far more challenging and requires advanced interferometric techniques. Here we present and validate a scheme to measure the complex JSA by using a reconfigurable silicon chip. In particular, we map the rich structure of the JSP of a silicon microresonator.

DOI
10.1109/gfp51802.2021.9673977

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Stimulated Emission Tomography (SET) is a technique which maps the Joint Spectral Amplitude (JSA) of photon pairs with extremely high signal to noise ratio and low integration times. While the modulus of the JSA is easy to access, the retrieval of the Joint Spectral Phase (JSP) is far more challenging and requires advanced interferometric techniques. Here we present and validate a scheme to measure the complex JSA by using a reconfigurable silicon chip. In particular, we map the rich structure of the JSP of a silicon microresonator.
The exponential growth of photonic quantum technologies is driving the demand for tools to measure the quality of their information carriers. One of the most prominent is stimulated emission tomography (SET), which uses classical coherent fields to measure the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of photon pairs with high speed and resolution. While the modulus of the JSA can be directly addressed from a single intensity measurement, the retrieval of the joint spectral phase (JSP) is far more challenging and received minor attention. However, a wide class of spontaneous sources of technological relevance, as chip integrated micro-resonators, have a JSP with a rich structure that carries correlations hidden in the intensity domain. Here, using a compact and reconfigurable silicon photonic chip, the complex JSA of a micro-ring resonator photon pair source is measured for the first time. The photonic circuit coherently excites the ring and a reference waveguide, and the interferogram formed by their stimulated fields is used to map the ring JSP through a novel phase reconstruction technique. This tool complements the traditionally bulky and sophisticated methods implemented so far, simultaneously minimizing the set of required resources.
Abstract We present a method of tomography in which photon pairs from a device-under-test (DUT) are experimentally characterised by quantum interference with a reference photon pair source; we call this quantum-referenced spontaneous emission tomography (Q-SpET). In Q-SpET, the joint spectral phase (JSP) of photon pairs generated by a DUT can be reconstructed by combining four spectrally resolved interferograms. We demonstrate this theoretically and experimentally, characterising the JSP of a microresonator photon pair source. Our method is fully implemented on a chip, demonstrating the compactness, inherent phase stability, low complexity, and resource efficiency of this method.
We present a novel measurement technique to perform full phase-sensitive tomography on the joint spectrum of photon pair sources, using stimulated four-wave mixing and phase-sensitive amplification. Applying this method to an integrated silicon nanowire source with a frequency chirped pump laser, we are able to observe a corresponding phase change in the spectral amplitude that would otherwise be hidden in standard intensity measurements. With a highly nonlinear fiber source, we show that phase-sensitive measurements have superior sensitivity to small spectral features when compared to intensity measurements. This technique enables more complete characterization of photon pair sources based on nonlinear photonics.
Stimulated emission tomography (SET) is a powerful and successful technique to both improve the resolution and experimentally simplify the task of determining the modal properties of biphotons. In the present paper we provide a theoretical description of SET valid for any quadratic coupling regime between a nonlinear medium and pump fields generating photons by pairs in the low-gain regime. We use our results to obtain not only information about the associated modal function modulus but also its phase, for any mode, and we discuss the specific case of time-frequency variables as well as the quantities and limitations involved in the measurement resolution.
The ability to manipulate and measure the time-frequency structure of quantum light is useful for information processing and metrology. Measuring this structure is also important when developing quantum light sources with high modal purity that can interfere with other independent sources. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a scheme based on intensity interferometry to measure the joint spectral mode of photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We observe correlations in the spectral phase of the photons due to chirp in the pump. We show that our scheme can be combined with stimulated emission tomography to quickly measure their mode using bright classical light. Our scheme does not require phase stability, nonlinearities, or spectral shaping and thus is an experimentally simple way of measuring the modal structure of quantum light.