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Theory of spontaneous emission factor and noise figure of optical parametric amplifiers

Kazuro Kikuchi

Published Jan 20, 2022• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study develops a theory of noise in optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) based on the quantum-mechanical Langevin equations. We derive theoretical expressions for the spontaneous emission factor of OPAs for the first time. This enables analyzing the effect of internal loss on the noise characteristics. In addition, we analyze the noise figures of the laser amplifier, phase-insensitive OPA, and phase-sensitive OPA.

DOI
10.36227/techrxiv.18489533.v1

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This study develops a theory of noise in optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) based on the quantum-mechanical Langevin equations. We derive theoretical expressions for the spontaneous emission factor of OPAs for the first time. This enables analyzing the effect of internal loss on the noise characteristics. In addition, we analyze the noise figures of the laser amplifier, phase-insensitive OPA, and phase-sensitive OPA.
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We present a semi-classical approach for predicting the quantum noise properties of fiber optical parametric amplifiers. The unavoidable contributors of noise, vacuum fluctuations, loss-induced noise, and spontaneous Raman scattering, are included in the analysis of both phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive amplifiers. We show that the model agrees with earlier fully quantum approaches in the linear gain regime, whereas in the saturated gain regime, in which the classical equations are valid, we predict that the amplifier increases the signal-to-noise ratio by generating an amplitude-squeezed state of light. Also, in the same process, we analyze the quantum noise properties of the pump, which is difficult using standard quantum approaches, and we discover that the pump displays complicated dynamics in both the linear and the nonlinear gain regimes.