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IEEE Transactions on Communications

Intelligent Jamming Strategies for Secure Spectrum Sharing Systems

Xiao Feng Jiang, Peng Li, Bin Li, Yulong Zou, Ruchuan Wang

Published Jan 4, 2022• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the secrecy performance of a spectrum sharing network, where${N}$legitimate source-destination pairs orderly access the shared spectrum for communication, while an eavesdropper (E) attempts to tap the legitimate information transmission. To improve the physical layer security, we propose two jamming strategies that can intelligently switch between jamming and non-jamming, namely, suboptimal jammer selection (SJS) scheme and optimal jammer selection (OJS) scheme. Specifically, when a user pair is assigned to access the shared spectrum, another source is chosen as a friendly jammer in order to create intentional interference at E. For the purpose of comparison, we present the non-jammer selection (NJS) scheme as a benchmark. Analytical closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions of NJS, SJS and OJS schemes are derived over Nakagami-${m}$fading channels. We further present an asymptotic secrecy outage probability analysis to evaluate the secrecy diversity gain performance of NJS, SJS and OJS schemes. Numerical results show that the secrecy outage probability performance of OJS scheme is better than SJS and NJS schemes in the low average channel power gain${\mathop \Omega \nolimits _{D} }$region. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probabilities of NJS as well as SJS and OJS schemes converge to each other with the increase of${\mathop \Omega \nolimits _{D} }$, due to the fact that the OJS and SJS scheme will switch to NJS scheme when${\mathop \Omega \nolimits _{D} }$tends to infinity.

DOI
10.1109/tcomm.2021.3140082

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In this paper, we examine the physical-layer security for a spectrum sharing system consisting of multiple source-destination pairs, which dynamically access their shared spectrum for data transmissions in the presence of an eavesdropper. We propose a source cooperation (SC) aided opportunistic jamming framework for protecting the transmission confidentiality of the spectrum sharing system against eavesdropping. Specifically, when a source node is allowed to access the shared spectrum for data transmissions, another source is opportunistically selected in the spectrum sharing system to transmit an artificial noise for disrupting the eavesdropper without affecting the legitimate transmissions. We present two specific SC aided opportunistic jamming schemes, namely the SC aided random jammer selection (RJS) and optimal jammer selection (OJS), which are referred to as the SC-RJS and SC-OJS, respectively. We also consider the conventional non-cooperation as a baseline. We derive closed-form intercept probability expressions for the non-cooperation, SC-RJS and SC-OJS schemes, based on which their secrecy diversity gains are determined through an asymptotic intercept probability analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. It is proved that the conventional non-cooperation exhibits a secrecy diversity of zero, whereas the proposed SC-RJS and SC-OJS achieve a higher secrecy diversity of one. This also surprisingly means that no additional secrecy diversity gain is achieved by the optimal jammer selection compared to the random selection strategy. In addition, numerical results show that the intercept probability performance of the SC-OJS is always better than that of the SC-RJS and non-cooperation, even when the legitimate channel is worse than the eavesdropping channel.
In this article, we investigate the physical layer security for a wireless communication system consisting of a base station (BS) and a user (U) in the face of an eavesdropper (E). A friendly jammer is opportunistically selected from multiple jammers to create intentional interference upon E. However, the legitimate user U is not aware of the information transmitted by the jammer and thus cannot remove the interfering signal. In this context, we propose interference-limited opportunistic jammer selection (IL-OJS) scheme and interference-canceled opportunistic jammer selection (IC-OJS) scheme to reduce the damage of interference to U for improving physical layer security. Specifically, in the IL-OJS scheme, the selected jammer sets an interference threshold. When the interference to U is less than the threshold value, the selected jammer will work (i.e., emit artificial noise), and vice versa, it will stop jamming. By contrast, IC-OJS scheme utilizes a specially designed signal to eliminate interference received by U from the selected jammer. For comparison, we also present the conventional non-jammer (NJ) scheme as a benchmark. Exact and asymptotic closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for NJ, IL-OJS, and IC-OJS schemes are derived over Nakagami-mmmfading channels. Numerical results show that the secrecy performance of proposed IL-OJS and IC-OJS schemes is better than that of NJ scheme. Additionally, the secrecy outage probability performance of IL-OJS and IC-OJS schemes can be improved by increasing the number of jammers.
Jamming emits white Gaussian noise that causes interference to both the legitimate receiver and eavesdropper. It has been an effective method for improving physical-layer security in wireless communication. In this paper, cautious jamming strategy based on optimal jammer selection method is proposed. More specifically, by using perfect channel state information, cautious jamming strategy selects an optimal jammer to improve the secrecy performance. For the purpose of comparison, we consider the direct jamming strategy and the adaptive jamming strategy as benchmark schemes. Closed-form expressions of the exact intercept probability for three jamming strategies are derived over Rayleigh fading channels and the theoretical analysis is validated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Both the analytical and the simulation results show that: 1) increasing the power of jammer is an effective approach to mitigate the intercept probability; 2) the intercept probability can be decreased and the wiretapped range of eavesdropper can be reduced by increasing the number of jammer; 3) by using perfect CSI and selecting optimal jammer, cautious jamming strategy outperforms direct jamming strategy and adaptive jamming strategy.
We investigate physical layer security of an uplink NOMA system consisting of one base station, multiple users and one eavesdropper. During each uplink transmission, two users are paired to perform NOMA and another user is opportunistically selected from the remaining idle users to act as a friendly jammer to emit artificial noise for confusing the eavesdropper. To enhance the transmission security for the system, we propose two friendly jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission schemes, namely random jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (RJS-UNT) scheme without knowing the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI), and optimal jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (OJS-UNT) scheme where the eavesdropper's CSI is available. For comparison purpose, a non-jammer selection aided uplink NOMA transmission (NJS-UNT) scheme is also considered. Analytical closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived to evaluate the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed schemes. Also, the asymptotic SOPs are provided to obtain further insights. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the schemes converge to SOP floors with the increasing SNR, while the floors achieved by the RJS-UNT and OJS-UNT schemes are significantly lower than that achieved by the NJS-UNT scheme, showing the security advantage of the proposed schemes.
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security in an energy harvesting (EH) wireless network composed of a user (U) and a base station (BS) in the face of an eavesdropper. The total communication progress is divided into two phases. In the first phase, friendly jammers (Js) powered by a power beacon (PB). And in the remaining phase, the U sends messages to BS with the help of the Js. To improve the physical layer security, we propose an optimal friendly jammer selection (OFJS) scheme and a suboptimal friendly jammer selection (SFJS) scheme depending on the availability and unavailability of channel state information (CSI) for wiretap link. For the purpose of comparison, we present the random friendly jammer selection (RFJS) scheme. We derive the closedform expressions of connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP) and effective secrecy throughput (EST) for OFJS, SFJS and RFJS schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels to evaluate the system secrecy performance. Numerical results show that the secrecy performance of proposed OFJS and SFJS schemes is better than that of RFJS scheme, demonstrating the advantage of proposed OFJS and SFJS schemes in improving the physical layer security, and moreover, the performance advantage becomes more significant with the increase of the number of Js. Additionally, due to the influence of COP, three schemes reach the same EST upper bound in the high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) region.
We investigate the spectrum sharing possibility as an incentive to enhance the physical layer security. The concept behind is that a legitimate source-destination pair, communicating in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, stimulates the help of another source-destination nodes looking for transmission opportunities, referred to as secondary network (SN). We thus propose a cooperative scheme, whereby the secondary transmitter (ST) will act as a friendly jammer to confound the eavesdropper and be granted to share the spectrum of the legitimate pair, referred to as primary network (PN), as a reward. Meanwhile, the ST has to secure its own secrecy communication and thus exploit the impact of the induced interference by the PN. To evaluate the performance of our cooperative scheme, we derive the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for both cooperative networks. However, to assess its usefulness, we introduce the mutual outage probability (MOP) and we carry out analysis to derive its expression. We show that a satisfactory SOP is a necessary condition for triggering the cooperation, whereas a satisfactory MOP is a sufficient condition to guarantee that the PN-SN collaboration leads to a win-win situation. Furthermore, an asymptotic analysis is also carried out to derive the generalized secrecy diversity for the scheme under investigation, where it has been shown that the primary system achieves its full secrecy diversity order, equal to the number of antenna at the primary transmitter. Such results present useful insights for practical design and setups.