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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Persistent and enhanced spin-nematic squeezing in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate

Xinfang Li, Jianning Liu, Seth Osei, Heng-Na Xiong, Qing-Shou Tan, Yixiao Huang

Published Dec 20, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a simple scheme to realize the persistent spin-nematic squeezing in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate by rapidly turning-off the external magnetic field at a time that maximal spin-nematic squeezing occurs. We observe that the optimal spin-nematic squeezing can be maintained in a nearly fixed direction. For a proper initial magnetic field, the optimal squeezing can be obviously enhanced. We further construct a spin-mixing interferometer, where the quantum correlation of the squeezed state (generated by our scheme) is fully utilized in the phase measurement, and show the phase sensitivity of the interferometer has a significant enhancement.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/ac450e

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•Nov 7, 2011•1 citation
Abstract We propose a simple scheme to realize the persistent spin-nematic squeezing in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate by rapidly turning-off the external magnetic field at a time that maximal spin-nematic squeezing occurs. We observe that the optimal spin-nematic squeezing can be maintained in a nearly fixed direction. For a proper initial magnetic field, the optimal squeezing can be obviously enhanced. We further construct a spin-mixing interferometer, where the quantum correlation of the squeezed state (generated by our scheme) is fully utilized in the phase measurement, and show the phase sensitivity of the interferometer has a significant enhancement.
We propose a scheme to store the spin-nematic squeezing in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate by applying periodic microwave pulses. For a proper pulse period and phase shift, the squeezing can be enhanced and maintained for a long time, which realizes the storage of the maximal squeezing. We also propose a method to generate the spin-nematic squeezed vacuum, which is associated with negligible occupation of the squeezed modes, through an adiabatic sweep of the magnetic field. It is shown that the method can be readily implemented for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic condensates.
Versatile controllability of interactions and magnetic field in ultracold atomic gases ha now reached an era where spin mixing dynamics and spin-nematic squeezing can be studied. Recent experiments have realized spin-nematic squeezed vacuum and dynamic stabilization following a quench through a quantum phase transition. Here we propose a scheme for storage of maximal spin-nematic squeezing, with its squeezing angle maintained in a fixed direction, in a dipolar spin-1 condensate by applying a microwave pulse at a time that maximal squeezing occurs. The dynamic stabilization of the system is achieved by manipulating the external periodic microwave pulses. The stability diagram for the range of pulse periods and phase shifts that stabilize the dynamics is numerical simulated and agrees with a stability analysis. Moreover, the stability range coincides well with the spin-nematic vacuum squeezed region which indicates that the spin-nematic squeezed vacuum will never disappear as long as the spin dynamics are stabilized.
Abstract We study the effect of dephasing on the spin-mixing dynamics of a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. We focus on a short-time dynamics and derive an analytical dynamics equations for the system by using mean-field approximation. We show the spin-mixing is suppressed via a quantum Zeno effect (QZE) in which the phase-noise intensity is much stronger than the inverse correlation time of the stimulated process. We also investigate the spin-nematic squeezing in the process of spin-mixing dynamics and show the squeezing is restrained by the QZE.
We study the quantum critical effect enhanced spin-nematic squeezing and quantum Fisher information (QFI) in the spin-1 dipolar atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the quantum phase transitions can improve the squeezing and QFI in the nearby regime of the critical point, and the Heisenberg-limited high-precision metrology can be obtained. The different properties of the ground squeezing and entanglement under even and odd number of atoms are further analyzed, by calculating the exact analytical expressions. We also demonstrate the squeezing and entanglement generated by the spin-mixing dynamics around the phase-transition point. It is shown that the steady squeezing and entanglement can be obtained, and the Bogoliubov approximation can well describe the dynamics of spin-nematic squeezed vacuum state.
Exotic types of magnetic order and phases resulting from collective behaviour of quantum spins are an important focus of many-body physics. Nematic or quadrupolar ordering of spins is one such example [1], which breaks O(3) rotational symmetry, has no magnetic moment and is analogous to the well-known ordering of molecules in nematic phases of liquid crystals [2]. Spin nematic phases have been posited for a variety of condensed matter systems including frustrated quantum magnets [3–5], and heavyfermion [6] and iron-based superconductors [7], although they are challenging to detect directly [8]. Spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensates [9– 11] provide a natural system to investigate spinnematic quantum phases with a key advantage that the nematic tensor is directly measurable. Here, we measure spin-nematic fluctuations in a spin-1 condensate following a quench through a nematic to ferromagnetic quantum phase transition and observe quadrature squeezing in the variance of the fluctuations up to −8.3 −0.7 dB (−10.3 −0.9 dB corrected for detection noise) below the standard quantum limit. Previous work in atomic squeezing has employed two-level systems exhibiting SU(2) symmetry on the Bloch sphere [12, 13], while the squeezing observed here is an example of squeezing in an SU(3) system. These results demonstrate spin-nematic dynamics in the quantum regime and could form the basis of a quantum-enhanced magnetometer.