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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)

Design and Implementation of Quantum Key Distribution Network Control and Management

Taesang Choi, Sangsik Yoon, Tae Yeon Kim, Hyungsoo Kim

Published Oct 20, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology enables the capabilities to distribute secure keys consisting of symmetric random bit strings that can be proven to be secure even against a cyberattack with an unbounded computational ability. QKD, however, has critical limitations in terms of scalability, availability and expense. QKD network (QKDN) is a technology which addresses these shortcomings by control and management capabilities to extend the reachability and availability. This paper proposes an architecture for QKDN control and management to address the required functionality and its proof of concept implementation.

DOI
10.1109/ictc52510.2021.9621170

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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology enables the capabilities to distribute secure keys consisting of symmetric random bit strings that can be proven to be secure even against a cyberattack with an unbounded computational ability. QKD, however, has critical limitations in terms of scalability, availability and expense. QKD network (QKDN) is a technology which addresses these shortcomings by control and management capabilities to extend the reachability and availability. This paper proposes an architecture for QKDN control and management to address the required functionality and its proof of concept implementation.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is developed to improve the security network in key exchange field. There are several success network equipments in implement QKD. However, the key distribution is limited to use in point-to-point scope. In this paper, we propose a design in quantum cryptography network that will extend the ability of number of users in present quantum cryptography network from point-to-point to multi-user network and sustain the security of the network. The developed system is implemented based on the existing quantum cryptography by managing the pairs joining of QKD system. The result of simulation is proven the feasibility to implement the proposed concept in real implementation.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is developed to improve the security network in key exchange field. There are several success network equipment in implement QKD. However, the key distribution is limited to use in point-to-point scope. In this paper, we propose a design in quantum cryptography network that will extend the ability of number of users in present quantum cryptography network from point-to-point to multi-user network and sustain the security of the network. The developed system is implemented based on the existing quantum cryptography by managing the pairs joining of QKD system. The result of simulation is proven the feasibility to implement the proposed concept in real implementation.
In the face of the development of quantum computers, common methods used in computer cryptography, like RSA, are becoming vulnerable and potentially not safe to use anymore. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an alternative approach to computer cryptography, where rather than focus on asymmetric cryptography, attention is turned to random key generation for symmetric cryptography, which should be more resilient against eavesdropping. My thesis focuses on enabling Quantum key distribution on a larger scale. The thesis aims to design and create a proof of concept of the Quantum key distribution network. To achieve this, I reviewed numerous existing specifications related to the topic and designed the interactions and security measures for the system components. The final part of my thesis is an implementation with a demonstration of the basic principles and functionalities related to the quantum key distribution.
ABSTRACT Quantum cryptography has increasingly attracted interest from both industry and academia for its potential in real‐world applications. With advancements in quantum electronics, practical quantum devices are now commercially available and poised for broader adoption. Quantum key distribution (QKD) leverages fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication, whereas quantum key distribution networks (QKDN) serve as the foundational infrastructure for deploying and scaling these secure systems. This paper examines the design methodologies specific to QKD within QKDN, emphasising both the conceptual framework and the practical challenges inherent in the field. In the pursuit of developing robust QKDN design, several key obstacles, related to the foundational QKD technology, must be addressed. These include decoherence, which affects the stability of quantum states and reduces key generation rates; latency, which disrupts synchronisation throughout the QKD network; and intrinsic quantum noise, an inherent property of quantum systems that primarily limits the overall performance of the QKD network. In addition, the limited communication ranges and the requirement for highly specialised hardware complicate the practical deployment of these networks. This work serves as an introductory guide for researchers entering the field, providing an overview of the fundamental principles of QKD network design and the distinctive routing characteristics inherent to such systems. It outlines the essential steps and considerations for building efficient and resilient QKDN infrastructures, including a discussion of the foundational principles, protocols and existing challenges.
Existing network cryptography systems are threatened by recent developments in quantum computing. For example, the Shor algorithm, which can be run on a quantum computer, is capable of overriding public key-based network cryptography systems in a short time. Therefore, research on new cryptography systems is actively being conducted. The most powerful cryptography systems are quantum key distribution (QKD) and post quantum cryptograph (PQC) systems; in this study, a network based on both QKD and PQC is proposed, along with a quantum key management system (QKMS) and a Q-controller to efficiently operate the network. The proposed quantum cryptography communication network uses QKD as its backbone, and replaces QKD with PQC at the user end to overcome the shortcomings of QKD. This paper presents the functional requirements of QKMS and Q-Controller, which can be utilized to perform efficient network resource management.
Secure communication makes the widespread use of telecommunication networks and services possible. With the constant progress of computing and mathematics, new cryptographic methods are being diligently developed. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a promising technology that provides an Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) solution to the secret-key agreement problem between two remote parties. QKD networks based on trusted relay nodes are built to provide service to a larger number of parties at arbitrary distances. They function as an add-on technology to traditional networks, generating, managing, distributing, and supplying ITS cryptographic keys. Since key resources are limited, integrating QKD network services into critical infrastructures necessitates effective key management. As a result, this article provides a comprehensive review of key management approaches for trusted-relay QKD networks. They are analyzed to facilitate the identification of potential strategies and accelerate the future development of QKD networks.