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Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics

Impact of Imperfect Channel State Information on Physical Layer Security by Precoding and Diversity

Idowu Ajayi, Yahia Medjahdi, Fatima Zohra Kaddour, Lina Mroueh

Published Oct 20, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Physical layer security (PLS) is an emerging paradigm that makes use of wireless channel characteristics to provide security. Many PLS schemes require knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). However, CSI is usually imperfect due to factors such as noisy feedback channels, channel estimation errors and outdated CSI. In this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI on the secrecy and error rate performances of a PLS scheme that combines adaptive matched-filter (MF) precoding and diversity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Particularly, we derive the secrecy capacity and error rate expressions for the legitimate and eavesdropper's channels under imperfect CSI assumption. The impact of the imperfect CSI is studied via theoretical as well as numerical techniques in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading wiretap channel. The analysis is done in both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes.

DOI
10.23919/eecsi53397.2021.9624230

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Physical layer security (PLS) is an emerging paradigm that makes use of wireless channel characteristics to provide security. Many PLS schemes require knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). However, CSI is usually imperfect due to factors such as noisy feedback channels, channel estimation errors and outdated CSI. In this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI on the secrecy and error rate performances of a PLS scheme that combines adaptive matched-filter (MF) precoding and diversity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Particularly, we derive the secrecy capacity and error rate expressions for the legitimate and eavesdropper's channels under imperfect CSI assumption. The impact of the imperfect CSI is studied via theoretical as well as numerical techniques in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading wiretap channel. The analysis is done in both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes.
In recent years, physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as a promising concept to complement cryptography solutions. Many PLS schemes require perfect knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. However, in practical cases, CSI is often imperfect due to channel estimation errors, noisy feedback channels and outdated CSI. In this paper, we study the impact of imperfect CSI on an adaptive PLS scheme that combines diversity with interleaving to provide security. Particularly, we derive the secrecy capacity expressions for the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper's channels under imperfect CSI conditions. Numerical and theoretical simulations for secrecy capacity and bit error rate (BER) are carried out for the frequency-selective Rayleigh fading wiretap channel model. The results reveal the negative impact of imperfect CSI on the secrecy and BER performance of the single input single output (SISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The analysis is done under both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes.
A frequency domain time-reversal (TR) precoder is proposed to perform physical layer security in single-input single-output (SISO) systems using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and artificial noise (AN) injection. This scheme guarantees the secrecy of a communication towards a legitimate user, Bob, by exploiting the frequency diversity selective behaviour in multipath channels. The transmitter, Alice, has imperfect channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate link thanks to the channel reciprocity in time division duplex systems and does not know the instantaneous CSI of a potential eavesdropper, Eve. Three optimal decoding structures at Eve are considered in a block fading environment depending on the handshake procedure between Alice and Bob. Closed-form approximations of the signal-to-noise ratio required at Bob and the maximal CSI error that can be made at Alice, in order to guarantee a communication ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), are derived. Furthermore, the optimal amount of AN energy to inject, considering imperfect CSI, is also given as a closed-form expression. A trade-off on the choice of the spreading factor of the TR precoder is established between maximizing the ESR and decreasing theϵ−\boldsymbol {\epsilon }-ϵ−achievable secrecy rate. Finally, thanks to these results, Alice can be a priori aware of the ESR over which she can establish a secure communication.
In this paper, the physical layer security (PLS) issue is studied for frequency-division duplex (FDD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) media-based modulation (MBM) systems with a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. A more practical scenario is considered that only the statistic channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropping link is available and the imperfect CSI of the legitimate link is acquired by analog feedback. Based on these imperfect CSI, an artificial-noised-aided precoding scheme is proposed, and an effective achievable ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) is derived when taking into account the feedback overhead. The secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations in terms of ESR and bit error rate (BER). The influences of the key parameters such as the power allocation ratio and the feedback duration are also discussed.
In this work, novel physical layer security (PLS) schemes are proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to secure both data and pilots in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The majority of previous studies focus on only securing the data without considering the security of the pilots used for channel estimation. However, the leakage of channel state information (CSI) from a legitimate node to an eavesdropper allows the latter to acquire knowledge about the channel of the legitimate nodes. To this end, we propose adaptive and flexible PLS algorithms which can 1) secure data, 2) secure pilots, and 3) jointly secure both data and pilots. Particularly, minimum-phase all-pass channel decomposition is exploited, where the proposed algorithms use the all-pass component to provide security without harming the performance of the legitimate user. In the analysis for data security, we evaluate the secrecy under correlated and uncorrelated eavesdropping channels via closed-form bit error rate (BER) formulas. For pilot security, we analyze the estimated channel’s normalized mean squared error (NMSE) performance. The simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively enhance the communication secrecy of the overall system.
In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of distributed null-steering-based physical layer security (PLS) in over-the-air computation (AirComp), considering the impact of imperfect channel estimation. AirComp has been extensively studied for its ability to efficiently aggregate data in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, but dealing with imperfect channel estimation is a major pragmatic challenge in these networks. This work focuses on how phase errors in imperfect channel estimation affect AirComp’s distributed null-steering-based PLS by evaluating their impact on the mean square error (MSE) performance. A closed-form expression is derived to quantify the degradation in PLS performance of AirComp systems caused by channel estimation errors. The analysis shows that imperfect channel state information (CSI) causes a non-negligible degradation in the MSE performance and also reduces the effectiveness of the PLS technique employed. The degradation of up to 10 times in the average MSE received at the desired location is observed at the loop SNR value of 5 dB. Furthermore, the average MSE gap between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper is reduced by more than 0.1 with imperfect channel estimation. The results provide insights into the potential degradation due to imperfect CSI, which helps to quantify the relationship between the CSI estimation error and its impact on the PLS performance of AirComp networks.
In this paper, we analyze the physical layer secrecy performance of two-bit feedback based 4 × 1 multiple-inputsingle-output communication system in the presence of a single antenna equipped passive eavesdropper over Rayleigh faded channel. To achieve full-rate and spatial diversity real orthogonal space-time block code is employed in the considered wiretap communication system. In a practical wireless communication system, it is not always possible to acquire full channel knowledge. Thereby, in this paper, we exploit the partial channel state information at the transmitter with the help of two-bit quantized feedback based diagonal precoder. Further, exact closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probabilities are derived over perfect and imperfect feedback bits by using order statistics. It is shown in the numerical results that an optimized power allocation scheme successfully improves secrecy performance gain under erroneous feedback in comparison to other schemes.