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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Discrete optical Zeno effect for polarization of light

К. О. Седых, Сыч Денис Васильевич

Published Dec 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum Zeno effect concerns deterministic dynamics of a quantum system induced by a series of projective quantum measurements. Applying this effect in optics, one can achieve an arbitrary lossless transformation of linear polarization of light with help of linear polarizers. However, to demonstrate this effect in practice, we have to take into account unavoidable losses in each polarizer that limits probability of successful transformations. In this work, we theoretically study a realistic quantum Zeno effect with an optimal discrete set of polarizers and find the maximum success probability

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012167

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Abstract Quantum Zeno effect concerns deterministic dynamics of a quantum system induced by a series of projective quantum measurements. Applying this effect in optics, one can achieve an arbitrary lossless transformation of linear polarization of light with help of linear polarizers. However, to demonstrate this effect in practice, we have to take into account unavoidable losses in each polarizer that limits probability of successful transformations. In this work, we theoretically study a realistic quantum Zeno effect with an optimal discrete set of polarizers and find the maximum success probability
The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) is seemingly paradoxical in a sense that an inhibition of transition or a guidance of system can be realized without loss of probability amplitudes in spite of the use of non-unitary processes. But it is quite universal and has been found in various quantum systems as well as in classical wave systems. In this report we will present two examples of QZE in the field of optics . One is theoptical pumping scheme in which atomic spin motion can be controlled without photon absorption in the fast pumping limit. The other example is the light propagation through a series of offset-spliced fibers . Two propagation modes, wave and ray, are possible in optical fibers, and QZE is found to occur only in the former mode.
The quantum Zeno effect describes the inhibition of quantum evolution by frequent measurements. Here, we propose a scheme for entangling two given photons based on this effect. We consider a linear-optics set-up with an absorber medium whose two-photon absorption rate ξ2γξ_{2γ}ξ2γ​ exceeds the one-photon loss rate ξ1γξ_{1γ}ξ1γ​. In order to reach an error probability PerrorP_{\rm error}Perror​, we need ξ1γ/ξ2γ<2Perror2/π2ξ_{1γ}/ξ_{2γ}<2P_{\rm error}^2/π^2ξ1γ​/ξ2γ​<2Perror2​/π2, which is a factor of 64 better than previous approaches (e.g., by Franson et al). Since typical media have $ξ_{2γ}
Frequent observations to a quantum system modify its coherent evolution through the Zeno effect and Zeno dynamics. Generally, the measurement process destroys the evolution environment of the monitored system, making repeated observations remain a challenge. Here, using the quantum analogy experiments, we realize and engineer the Zeno effect and Zeno dynamics in optical waveguide arrays, where the optical modes correspond to distinct quantum states, and the temporal evolution is mapped into the spatial propagation. We propose a new, extensible experimental strategy for realizing an optical analog of stroboscopic measurements, which are performed by the build-in, on-demand segmented waveguide portions. The weak-to-strong stroboscopic measurements are realized, where the monitored system undergoes a transition from free evolution to optical Zeno freezing. Setting the measurements in the strong regime, the optical Zeno effect and optical Zeno dynamics are successfully generated, and their relationship is demonstrated in optics. We then propose a novel quantum Zeno slicing approach, which allows us to dynamically engineer the Hilbert space of the monitored system. This generic approach is verified by generating a series of Zeno subspaces with different measurement projectors, based on the quantum-optical analogy. The complexity of light dynamics is largely increased, providing full control of the propagation via steering Zeno dynamics. Our results pave the way for manipulation of quantum states by harnessing Zeno dynamics in integrated photonics.
The phenomenon of quantum interrogation allows one to optically detect the presence of an absorbing object, without the measuring light interacting with it. In an application of the quantum Zeno effect, the object inhibits the otherwise coherent evolution of the light, such that the probability that an interrogating photon is absorbed can in principle be arbitrarily small. We have implemented this technique, achieving efficiencies of up to 7373%73, and consequently exceeding the 5050%50 theoretical maximum of the original ``interaction-free'' measurement proposal. We have also predicted and experimentally verified a previously unsuspected dependence on loss.
Abstract : All-optical switching is crucial for efficient optical communications. The quantum Zeno effect can be used to induce or inhibit optical switching through a variety of processes, all of which share the common characteristic that the evolution of one quantum state into another be inhibited or induced based on the presence or absence of a controllable and continuous quantum measurement. By utilizing this effect, it is the goal of this project to design and construct ultra-low power dissipation, ultra-low volume, fast all-optical switches. In particular, a fundamental limit in existing all-optical switching devices is due to the photon loss resulting from signal-pump coupling. When extended to the quantum domain, this photon loss additionally causes the quantum states of photonic signals to collapse (i.e., decohere). By using the quantum Zeno effect (QZE), it is possible to realize interaction-free switching that eliminates direct signal-pump coupling i.e., QZE for all-optical switching.
Abstract We describe an experiment in which the rotation of the polarization of light propagating in an optically active water solution of D-fructose tends to be inhibited by frequent monitoring whether the polarization remains unchanged. This is an example of the Zeno effect that has remarkable pedagogical interest because of its conceptual simplicity, easy implementation, low cost, and because the same the Zeno effect holds at classical and quantum levels. An added value is the demonstration of the Zeno effect beyond typical idealized assumptions in a practical setting with real polarizers.