Digital communication has revolutionized the modern era, where two parties can communicate apart easily; but this also opens up opportunities for adversarial attacks. To guarantee a secure communication over such channels, there have been several approaches proposed based on secret-key distribution including the BB84 quantum secret-key sharing protocol. Although it is almost resistant to eavesdropping attacks, the BB84 protocol presents certain challenges. Specifically, it is vulnerable to impersonation attacks. Moreover, it is slow owing to the hit-and-trail method for secret-key distribution. Hence, in this article, we propose a secure and efficient protocol for secret-key sharing by combining image-based CAPTCHA and the classical BB84 protocol. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is secure against impersonation attacks, including DDoS attacks, and it is at least twice as efficient as BB84 in terms of communicated qubits.
Digital communication has revolutionized the modern era, where two parties can communicate apart easily; but this also opens up opportunities for adversarial attacks. To guarantee a secure communication over such channels, there have been several approaches proposed based on secret-key distribution including the BB84 quantum secret-key sharing protocol. Although it is almost resistant to eavesdropping attacks, the BB84 protocol presents certain challenges. Specifically, it is vulnerable to impersonation attacks. Moreover, it is slow owing to the hit-and-trail method for secret-key distribution. Hence, in this article, we propose a secure and efficient protocol for secret-key sharing by combining image-based CAPTCHA and the classical BB84 protocol. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is secure against impersonation attacks, including DDoS attacks, and it is at least twice as efficient as BB84 in terms of communicated qubits.
Quantum cryptography is basically based on a trusted channel in communication between two parties compared to classical channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD has become more secure transmission method used to transmit secret key between two legitimate parties. This paper discusses the implementation of QKD protocol (BB84 protocol), which is widely used today. The implementation simulates the communication of two parties who wish to share a secret key with the existing of eavesdropper. The existing of eavesdropper is simulated with two kinds of attacks, which is use as parameter to measure the length of final key agreed by both authenticated parties at the end of the communication. This paper also discuss about future works to fully implement the shared secret key.
Quantum cryptography is a well-stated field within quantum applications where quantum information is used to set secure communications, authentication, and secret keys. Now used in quantum devices with those purposes, particularly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which proposes a secret key between two parties free of effective eavesdropping, at least at a higher level than classical cryptography. The best-known quantum protocol to securely share a secret key is the BB84 one. Other protocols have been proposed as adaptations of it. Most of them are based on the quantum indeterminacy for non-orthogonal quantum states. Their security is commonly based on the large length of the key. In the current work, a BB84-like procedure for QKD based on double quantum teleportation allows the sharing of the key statement using several parties. Thus, the quantum bits of information are assembled among three parties via entanglement, instead of travelling through a unique quantum channel as in the traditional protocol. Asymmetry in the double teleportation plus post-measurement retains the secrecy in the process. Despite requiring more complex control and resources, the procedure dramatically reduces the probability of success for an eavesdropper under individual attacks, because of the ignorance of the processing times in the procedure. Quantum Bit Error Rate remains in the acceptable threshold and it becomes configurable. The article depicts the double quantum teleportation procedure, the associated control to introduce the QKD scheme, the analysis of individual attacks performed by an eavesdropper, and a brief comparison with other protocols.
One promising way to use quantum information to secure everyday communication is through the distribution of quantum keys. By exchanging a secret key, the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) approach allows two parties to communicate securely.BB84 protocol is among the most well-known QKD protocols. In this protocol, qubits are exchanged via a quantum channel between the sender and the receiver. This enables them to produce a shared key that is impenetrable to eavesdroppers and illustrate the fundamental ideas of QKD using current simulations and implementations. The results of this study demonstrate that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD technique that has been investigated in great detail and used in a variety of contexts. Additionally, over the enhancements made to the BB84 protocol such as the use of advanced error correction techniques and decoy states to increase its security and usability is discussed. With an emphasis on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies, this study offers an extensive analysis of QKD systems overall.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a serious threat to traditional cryptographic systems such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which rely on computational difficulty for security. Quantum algorithms like Shor’s and Grover’s have the potential to break or weaken these methods, putting modern communication systems at risk. To address this challenge, this work presents a quantum-safe com-munication framework that combines the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol with Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) techniques, aiming to ensure secure data exchange in the presence of quantum-capable adversaries. In this system, the BB84 protocol is simulated to enable secure key exchange between two parties over a virtual quantum channel. The generated key is refined through processes such as basis matching, error correction, and privacy amplification using SHA-256 to ensure reliability and secrecy. For secur-ing communication, One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption is used alongside HMAC-SHA3-256 to provide both confidentiality and message integrity. Additionally, file encryption is handled using the XChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm, selected for its efficiency and strong protection against potential vulnerabilities like nonce reuse. To further enhance security, the framework integrates a hybrid key management approach using the Kyber-512 Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) combined with a Key Deriva-tion Function (KDF), merging classical and quantum-resistant techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, achieving a Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) of 2.5% and successful performance in both message and file en-cryption. Overall, this work contributes toward the development of practical and resilient communication systems designed for the emerging quantum era.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique that enables secure communication between two parties by sharing a secret key. One of the most well-known QKD protocols is the BB84 protocol, proposed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. In this protocol, Alice and Bob use a quantum channel to exchange qubits, allowing them to generate a shared key that is resistant to eavesdropping. This paper presents a comparative study of existing QKD schemes, including the BB84 protocol, and highlights the advancements made in the BB84 protocol over the years. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different QKD schemes and their strengths and weaknesses and demonstrate QKDs working principles through existing simulations and implementations. Through this study, we show that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD scheme that has been extensively studied and implemented in various settings. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements made to the BB84 protocol to enhance its security and practicality, including the use of decoy states and advanced error correction techniques. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD schemes, focusing on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that enables secure communication between two parties by applying the ideas of quantum physics. By minimizing information leakage that can happen during the key generation process, privacy amplification is a technique used to improve the security of QKD. The technique involves processing the raw key obtained from QKD through a randomization procedure to remove any residual information that may have been leaked during the quantum transmission. While privacy amplification can significantly improve the security of QKD, the effectiveness of the technique is limited by the quality of the initial raw key. The BB84 QKD protocol has been improved with the proposed En-BB84 protocol, which includes built-in authentication and integrity checks. The En-BB84 protocol ensures secure distribution of secret keys and protects against tampering by attackers. Key distillation and error correction techniques are employed to extract a shorter, more secure shared secret key and correct errors introduced during qubit transmission. The protocol utilizes a four-state QKD approach, expanding on the traditional two-state scheme of BB84. A simulation of the En-BB84 protocol is demonstrated using a quantum circuit implemented with Qiskit in Python. The circuit employs various gates and operations, including Hadamard, CX, controlled swap, and RZ gates, to achieve encoding and error correction. Furthermore, we have designed a better protocol with improved error rates by incorporating improvisations on the BB84 protocol. Experimental results indicate the successful integration of the B92 error correction scheme into the modified BB84 protocol, enhancing the security and performance of QKD systems.