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Laser Physics Letters

Investigation of 6 S 1/2 –8 S 1/2 two-photon transition of cesium atoms by a single 822 nm laser

Ning Liu, Sandan Wang, Jinpeng Yuan, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Dec 16, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We experimentally investigate the 6 S 1/2 –8 S 1/2 two-photon transition in cesium vapor by a single laser. A blue (455.5 and 459.3 nm) fluorescence signal is observed as a result of 822.5 nm laser beams illuminating the Cs vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The dependences of the fluorescence intensity on the polarization combinations of the laser beams, laser power and vapor temperature are studied to obtain optimal experimental parameters. The frequency difference between the two hyperfine components of 4158 (7) MHz is measured with a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a frequency reference. Such a large spectral isolation and the insensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic field enable the 6 S 1/2 –8 S 1/2 transition to be a stable frequency standard candidate for a frequency-doubled 1644 nm laser in the U -band window for quantum telecommunication.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ac3b43

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•Jun 20, 2017•0 citations
Abstract We experimentally investigate the 6 S 1/2 –8 S 1/2 two-photon transition in cesium vapor by a single laser. A blue (455.5 and 459.3 nm) fluorescence signal is observed as a result of 822.5 nm laser beams illuminating the Cs vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The dependences of the fluorescence intensity on the polarization combinations of the laser beams, laser power and vapor temperature are studied to obtain optimal experimental parameters. The frequency difference between the two hyperfine components of 4158 (7) MHz is measured with a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a frequency reference. Such a large spectral isolation and the insensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic field enable the 6 S 1/2 –8 S 1/2 transition to be a stable frequency standard candidate for a frequency-doubled 1644 nm laser in the U -band window for quantum telecommunication.
Abstract We report an experimental investigation of the 5 S 1/2 –7 S 1/2 one-color two-photon transition in rubidium vapor with a single continuous-wave laser operating at 760 nm. By utilizing a robust intensity modulation method, high-resolution spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~120 are obtained. A perfect match between experimental results and the theoretical analysis is obtained by characterizing the probability of a two-photon transition with vapor temperature and laser power. Moreover, the influence of electric dipole selection rules on the two-photon transition is also investigated by changing the polarization of the laser beam. Since the 5 S 1/2 –7 S 1/2 two-photon transition is insensitive to stray magnetic fields and has an extremely narrow linewidth, we confidently believe that it can provide a concrete frequency standard for quantum telecommunication in the S -band window (1480–1530 nm). Meanwhile, the atomic system at 760 nm will serve as a good candidate for a quantum repeater.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
We experimentally study the high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy of rubidium using a single laser. The 5S1/2 − 5P3/2 − 5D5/2 transition is realized via 778.1 nm laser beams acting on the vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The intensity modulation method is employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum by two orders of magnitude compared with that for direct measurement. The effects of the vapor temperature, the frequency-scanning speed of the laser, the polarization combination of the laser beams, and the laser power on the spectra are investigated to obtain the optimal experimental parameters. This research is expected to be beneficial for potential applications since it can be used to realize a compact and high-precision frequency standard for optical communication.
This is a progress report on the realization of a compact and transportable frequency standard at 1556 nm based on a two-photon transition in rubidium at 778 nm. These hyperfine transitions present great metrological interest. They have a narrow theoretical linewidth of 150 kHz when observed with a 1556 nm laser, and their absolute frequency is known with an uncertainty of 5.2 X 10-12. In this experiment, we use a high power 1556 nm DFB laser and reduce its linewidth to the 10 kHz level using optical feedback from a confocal cavity. We generate its second harmonic in a periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal and use this signal to injection-lock a Fabry-Perot laser emitting 42 mW at 778 nm. The slave laser is used to observe the Doppler-free two- photon transitions: two counter-propagating beams excite rubidium atoms which emit a blue fluorescence on resonance. This 420 nm light is detected on the side of the Rb cell with a photomultiplier. Such an optical frequency standard at 1556 nm, standing in the multiwavelength telecommunications systems window, becomes an attractive source for absolute frequency calibration of WDM components, optical spectrum analyzers and wavemeters.
The narrow electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) resonance peaks are observed with two low-power counter-propagating diode lasers in cesium (Cs) 6S1/2 - 6P1/2 - 8S1/2 ladder-type atomic system. To precisely determine the centers of resonance peaks, multiple background-free EIT signals are achieved using a novel scanning scheme in which the coupling laser driving Cs 6P1/2 - 8S1/2 transition is scanned and the probe laser driving Cs 6S1/2 – 6P1/2 is frequency locked. A temperature-stabilized fiber-pigtailed waveguide-type phase electro-optical modulator (EOM) and a stable confocal Fabry-Perot cavity are used as a precise frequency marker to measure the hyperfine splitting of Cs 8S1/2 state. The impact of the external magnetic field on the measurement is also investigated. Furthermore, the hyperfine structure constant (here it is the hyperfine magnetic dipole constant, A) of Cs 8S1/2 state is determined to be A = 219.06 MHz ± 0.12 MHz based on the measured hyperfine splitting (Δhfs = 876.24 MHz ± 0.50 MHz).
We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.