Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Pan Stanford Publishing eBooks

Semiconductor Quantum Bits

Oliver J. Benson, F. Henneberger

Published Jan 1, 2008• 88 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Preface Spin and Charge Qubits 1. Coded Qubit Based on Electron Spin M. Korkusinski and P. Hawrylak 2. Quantum Optical Studies of Single Coupled Quantum Dot Pairs G. J. Beirne, M. Jetter, and P. Michler 3. Nuclear Spin Bi-stability in Semiconductor Quantum Dots A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, A. Russell, and V. I. Fal'ko 4. Nonequilibrium Optical Spin Cooling in Charged Quantum Dots I. A. Akimov, D. H. Feng, and F. Henneberger Qubit Control, Readout, and Transfer 5. Electron Spin Quantum Bits in Quantum Dots: Initialization, Decoherence, and Control A. Greilich, D. R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, A. Shabaev, and A. L. Efros 6. Optical Control of Quantum-Dot Spin States M. Atat ure, J. Dreiser, A. Badolato, and A. Imamo_glu 7. Optical Read-out of Single Carrier Spin in Semiconductor Quantum Dots F. Troiani, I. Wilson-Rae, and C. Tejedor 8. Quantum State Transfer from a Photon to an Electron Spin in Quantum Dots and Quantum Dynamics of Electron-Nuclei Coupled System T. Takagahara and O. ^ Cakir Qubit Decoherence 9. Spin Quantum-bits and Decoherence in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, O. Krebs, P. Renucci, and X. Marie 10. Electron and Hole Spin Dynamics and Decoherence in Quantum Dots D. Klauser, D. V. Bulaev, W. A. Coish, and D. Loss 11. Microscopic Theory of Energy Dissipation and Decoherence in Semiconductor Nanodevices F. Rossi 12. Transient Four-wave Mixing of Excitons in Quantum Dots from Ensembles and Individuals P. Borri and W. Langbein Flying Qubits 13. Light-matter Interaction in Single Quantum Dot - Micropillar Cavity Systems S. Reitzenstein, J.-P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel 14. Entangled Photons via Biexciton-Resonant Hyperparemetric Scattering K. Edamatsu 15. Entangled Photon Pair Emission and Interference from Single Quantum Dots R. M. Stevenson, R. J. Young, and A. J. Shields Qubit Applications 16. Telecom-wavelength Single-photon Sources Based on Single Quantum Dots M. B. Ward, A. J. Shields, B. Alloing, C. Zinoni, C. Monat, and A. Fiore 17. Quantum Information Processing with Quantum Dots in Photonic Crystals J. Vu_ckovi_c, D. Englund, A. Faraon, I. Fushman, and E. Waks 18. High-Speed Quantum Computers with Semiconductor Spins T. D. Ladd, K. Sanaka, K. M. C. Fu, S. Koseki, D. Press, S. M. Clark, K. De Greve, and Y. Yamamoto 19. Quantum Dots: Single-Photon Sources for Quantum Information M. Scholz, T. Aichele, and O. Benson Author Index Subject Index

DOI
10.1142/9789814241199

Related papers

Spin decoherence of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum dots

Jan Fischer

The computer industry has seen an immense development in the last decades. \nPersonal computers have become available for everybody living in industrialized \ncountries with rapidly increasing performance in terms of speed and storage capacities. \nHowever, the performance of nowadays' computers is fundamentally limited by the \nlaws of classical physics: a classical bit can only take on either of the two distinct \nvalues `0' or `1'. \nIn contrast, a quantum computer could, in principle, make direct use \nof quantum phenomena, such as state superpositions \n-- a quantum bit can be in both states `0' and `1' simultaneously --, \nto perform complex computational tasks much faster than any classical computer. \n \nThe idea of building computers that work according to the laws of quantum physics \nhas opened various fields of research, one of which is the search for the best \nphysical system to use as a quantum bit (qubit). One important criterion for determining \nthe optimal qubit system is the lifetime of state superpositions. \nTypically, once initialized, such superpositions are destroyed on remarkably short \ntimescales due to interactions with the environment -- a process which is referred to \nas decoherence --, posing the question which physical qubit candidate system might show a high-enough robustness against the \ninfluence of the `outside world' to allow for viable quantum computation. \n \nIn this thesis, we will consider three particular realizations of one specific and \nvery promising type of qubit candidate system: \nan electron (or hole) confined to a quantum dot -- a nanoscale structure \nwithin a (typically semiconducting) material --, where the spin states `down' \nand `up' of our electron (or hole) encode the logical states `0' and `1'. \nOur task will be to study the decay of spin-state superpositions in such quantum-dot \nsystems. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the most important physical \nprocesses that lead to spin decoherence and to show ways to suppress this undesirable effect. \nIt turns out that at low temperatures, the main source of decoherence \nis the coupling of the electron (hole) to the surrounding nuclear spins. \n \nThis thesis is divided into three logical parts, corresponding to the three qubit candidate \nsystems under consideration. First we will study electron-spin qubits in III-V semiconductor \nquantum dots, where the electron spin interacts with the nuclear spins of the semiconducting \nhost material \nvia the isotropic Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. Second we consider quantum-dot-confined \nheavy holes and the decoherence of their (pseudo-)spin states due to anisotropic interactions with the \nnuclear spins. Third and last, we study electron-spin qubits made from carbon-nanotube and \ngraphene quantum dots. Quantum dots made of carbon have the advantage of a low abundance \nof spin-carrying nuclear isotopes, therefore reducing decoherence effects significantly. \n \nFor each of the systems under consideration, we will carry out analytical calculations on \nthe nuclear-spin interactions and the spin dynamics of the qubit. Although one main goal of \nthis thesis is to show ways to extend spin decoherence times, we will also focus on physically more \nfundamental questions. Not only the timescale of the decay is relevant for \nthe system's applicability as a qubit, but also the form of the decay which can vary \nsignificantly from system to system. For example, the decay of spin-state superpositions \ncan follow an exponential, super-exponential or power-law decay, and can even pass through \nvarious stages. This is not only of academic interest, but also important for practical \npurposes, such as the implementation of quantum error-correction schemes in a potential \nquantum computer. \n

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

Building blocks for spin-photon quantum computation with semiconductor quantum dot devices

Hêlio Huet

Briques de base pour le calcul quantique spin-photon avec des boîtes quantiques semiconductrices Les boîtes quantiques semiconductrices se sont imposées comme une plateforme prometteuse pour le calcul quantique, car elles sont capables de générer des photons uniques à la demande avec un taux d'émission élevé et une haute indiscernabilité. De plus, en confinant un spin unique, elles permettent d'obtenir une interface spin-photon qui combine les avantages des qubits photoniques et des qubits de matière. Cette interface peut être utilisée pour générer de façon déterministe des états intriqués appelés états de cluster, qui sont des ressources cruciales pour le calcul quantique basé sur la mesure.Générer de façon efficace ces états intriqués spin-photon constitués de beaucoup de particules avec une haute fidélité est un défi majeur qui requiert un important degré de contrôle sur le spin. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous abordons ces défis et démontrons la génération de grands états de cluster comprenant jusqu'à neuf photons. En outre, nous introduisons des techniques optiques de rotation de spin pour générer des états appelés caterpillar. Ces techniques nous permettent également d'implémenter un découplage dynamique pour réduire les effets de décohérence liés à l'interaction hyperfine entre le spin résident et les spins nucléaires environnants.Enfin, nous introduisons une architecture hybride appelée SPOQC (calcul quantique spin optique) qui exploite les propriétés photoniques pour interconnecter des qubits de spin stationnaires et permettre le calcul quantique tolérant aux fautes. De plus, nous démontrons une première preuve de principe de l'implémentation d'une porte à deux qubits qui est critique pour cette architecture.

•Jan 21, 2026•0 citations

Theory of quantum control of spin-photon dynamics and spin decoherence in semiconductors

Wang Yao

Single electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) and single photon wavepacket propagating in an optical waveguide are investigated as carriers of quantum bit (qubit) for information processing. Cavity quantum electrodynamics of the coupled system composed of charged QD, microcavity and waveguide provides a quantum interface for the interplay of stationary spin qubits and flying photon qubits via cavity assisted optical control. This interface forms the basis for a wide range of essential functions of a quantum network, including transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits at distributed quantum nodes as well as a deterministic source and an efficient detector of a single photon wavepacket with arbitrarily specified shape. The cavity assisted optical process also made possible ultrafast initialization and QND readout of the spin qubit in QD. In addition, the strong optical nonlinearity of dot-cavity-waveguide coupled system enables phase gate and entanglement operation for flying single photon qubits in waveguides. The coherence of the electron spin is the wellspring of these quantum applications being investigated. At low temperature and strong magnetic field, the dominant cause of electron spin decoherence is the coupling with the interacting lattice nuclear spins. We present a quantum solution to the coupled dynamics of the electron with the nuclear spin bath. The decoherence is treated in terms of quantum entanglement of the electron with the nuclear pair-flip excitations driven by the various nuclear interactions. A novel nuclear interaction, mediated by virtue spin-flips of the single electron, plays an important role in single spin free-induction decay (FID). The spin echo not only refocuses the dephasing by inhomogeneous broadening in ensemble dynamics but also eliminates the decoherence by electron-mediated nuclear interaction. Thus, the decoherence times for single spin FID and ensemble spin echo are significantly different. The quantum theory of decoherence also leads to a method of coherence recovery of the electron by disentanglement, realized through maneuvering the nuclear bath evolution by control of the electron spin-flip. The studies form the basis to outline the construction of a solid-state quantum network for scalable and distributed processing of quantum information

•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Ultrafast optical control of individual quantum dot spin qubits

Kristiaan De Greve, David Press, Peter L. McMahon +1 more

Single spins in semiconductor quantum dots form a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing. The spin-up and spin-down states of a single electron or hole, trapped inside a quantum dot, can represent a single qubit with a reasonably long decoherence time. The spin qubit can be optically coupled to excited (charged exciton) states that are also trapped in the quantum dot, which provides a mechanism to quickly initialize, manipulate and measure the spin state with optical pulses, and to interface between a stationary matter qubit and a 'flying' photonic qubit for quantum communication and distributed quantum information processing. The interaction of the spin qubit with light may be enhanced by placing the quantum dot inside a monolithic microcavity. An entire system, consisting of a two-dimensional array of quantum dots and a planar microcavity, may plausibly be constructed by modern semiconductor nano-fabrication technology and could offer a path toward chip-sized scalable quantum repeaters and quantum computers. This article reviews the recent experimental developments in optical control of single quantum dot spins for quantum information processing. We highlight demonstrations of a complete set of all-optical single-qubit operations on a single quantum dot spin: initialization, an arbitrary SU(2) gate, and measurement. We review the decoherence and dephasing mechanisms due to hyperfine interaction with the nuclear-spin bath, and show how the single-qubit operations can be combined to perform spin echo sequences that extend the qubit decoherence from a few nanoseconds to several microseconds, more than 5 orders of magnitude longer than the single-qubit gate time. Two-qubit coupling is discussed, both within a single chip by means of exchange coupling of nearby spins and optically induced geometric phases, as well as over longer-distances. Long-distance spin-spin entanglement can be generated if each spin can emit a photon that is entangled with the spin, and these photons are then interfered. We review recent work demonstrating entanglement between a stationary spin qubit and a flying photonic qubit. These experiments utilize the polarization- and frequency-dependent spontaneous emission from the lowest charged exciton state to single spin Zeeman sublevels.

Reports on Progress in Physics•Sep 1, 2013•69 citations

Generation of spin and photons entangled states with semiconductor quantum dots

Nathan Coste

Les boîtes quantiques semiconductrices intégrées dans des cavités photoniques sont des émetteurs prometteurs de photons uniques pour les technologies quantiques photoniques. En outre, une boîte quantique peut confiner un porteur de charge unique (électron ou trou) dont le spin peut être utilisé comme mémoire locale, ce qui ouvre la voie à des applications intéressantes. En 2009, il a été proposé d'utiliser ces boîtes quantiques chargées pour émettre de grands états intriqués comprenant le spin confiné et de nombreux photons. Ces états dits de "cluster" présentent un intérêt particulier pour l'informatique quantique photonique et basée sur la mesure. Le défi de la génération de ces états quantiques réside dans la combinaison de la production efficace de photons avec le contrôle du spin confiné : si les deux aspects ont été démontrés séparément, leur combinaison ne l'a pas encore été jusqu'à présent. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons des boîtes quantiques semi-conductrices pour générer expérimentalement des états intriqués de spin et de photons. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur une technique d'excitation hors résonance, assistée par phonon, pour générer des photons uniques de manière efficace, tout en préservant l'accès au spin par le biais de la polarisation des photons émis. Nous explorons la physique des spins uniques dans la boîte quantique, en caractérisant en particulier leurs propriétés de cohérence. Nous utilisons ensuite une boîte quantique chargée couplée à une cavité pour générer des états intriqués tripartites comprenant le spin et deux photons indiscernables, démontrant ainsi pour la première fois la mise en œuvre du protocole de 2009 avec une boîte quantique dans une cavité tridimensionnelle. Enfin, nous explorons également l'utilisation d'une boîte quantique neutre pour générer des états quantiques photoniques hyperencodés, où un photon unique est dans une superposition de plusieurs degrés de liberté.

•Dec 14, 2023•0 citations

Spin Decoherence of Electrons and Holes in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
Preface Spin and Charge Qubits 1. Coded Qubit Based on Electron Spin M. Korkusinski and P. Hawrylak 2. Quantum Optical Studies of Single Coupled Quantum Dot Pairs G. J. Beirne, M. Jetter, and P. Michler 3. Nuclear Spin Bi-stability in Semiconductor Quantum Dots A. I. Tartakovskii, M. S. Skolnick, A. Russell, and V. I. Fal'ko 4. Nonequilibrium Optical Spin Cooling in Charged Quantum Dots I. A. Akimov, D. H. Feng, and F. Henneberger Qubit Control, Readout, and Transfer 5. Electron Spin Quantum Bits in Quantum Dots: Initialization, Decoherence, and Control A. Greilich, D. R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, A. Shabaev, and A. L. Efros 6. Optical Control of Quantum-Dot Spin States M. Atat ure, J. Dreiser, A. Badolato, and A. Imamo_glu 7. Optical Read-out of Single Carrier Spin in Semiconductor Quantum Dots F. Troiani, I. Wilson-Rae, and C. Tejedor 8. Quantum State Transfer from a Photon to an Electron Spin in Quantum Dots and Quantum Dynamics of Electron-Nuclei Coupled System T. Takagahara and O. ^ Cakir Qubit Decoherence 9. Spin Quantum-bits and Decoherence in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots B. Urbaszek, T. Amand, O. Krebs, P. Renucci, and X. Marie 10. Electron and Hole Spin Dynamics and Decoherence in Quantum Dots D. Klauser, D. V. Bulaev, W. A. Coish, and D. Loss 11. Microscopic Theory of Energy Dissipation and Decoherence in Semiconductor Nanodevices F. Rossi 12. Transient Four-wave Mixing of Excitons in Quantum Dots from Ensembles and Individuals P. Borri and W. Langbein Flying Qubits 13. Light-matter Interaction in Single Quantum Dot - Micropillar Cavity Systems S. Reitzenstein, J.-P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel 14. Entangled Photons via Biexciton-Resonant Hyperparemetric Scattering K. Edamatsu 15. Entangled Photon Pair Emission and Interference from Single Quantum Dots R. M. Stevenson, R. J. Young, and A. J. Shields Qubit Applications 16. Telecom-wavelength Single-photon Sources Based on Single Quantum Dots M. B. Ward, A. J. Shields, B. Alloing, C. Zinoni, C. Monat, and A. Fiore 17. Quantum Information Processing with Quantum Dots in Photonic Crystals J. Vu_ckovi_c, D. Englund, A. Faraon, I. Fushman, and E. Waks 18. High-Speed Quantum Computers with Semiconductor Spins T. D. Ladd, K. Sanaka, K. M. C. Fu, S. Koseki, D. Press, S. M. Clark, K. De Greve, and Y. Yamamoto 19. Quantum Dots: Single-Photon Sources for Quantum Information M. Scholz, T. Aichele, and O. Benson Author Index Subject Index
The computer industry has seen an immense development in the last decades. \nPersonal computers have become available for everybody living in industrialized \ncountries with rapidly increasing performance in terms of speed and storage capacities. \nHowever, the performance of nowadays' computers is fundamentally limited by the \nlaws of classical physics: a classical bit can only take on either of the two distinct \nvalues `0' or `1'. \nIn contrast, a quantum computer could, in principle, make direct use \nof quantum phenomena, such as state superpositions \n-- a quantum bit can be in both states `0' and `1' simultaneously --, \nto perform complex computational tasks much faster than any classical computer. \n \nThe idea of building computers that work according to the laws of quantum physics \nhas opened various fields of research, one of which is the search for the best \nphysical system to use as a quantum bit (qubit). One important criterion for determining \nthe optimal qubit system is the lifetime of state superpositions. \nTypically, once initialized, such superpositions are destroyed on remarkably short \ntimescales due to interactions with the environment -- a process which is referred to \nas decoherence --, posing the question which physical qubit candidate system might show a high-enough robustness against the \ninfluence of the `outside world' to allow for viable quantum computation. \n \nIn this thesis, we will consider three particular realizations of one specific and \nvery promising type of qubit candidate system: \nan electron (or hole) confined to a quantum dot -- a nanoscale structure \nwithin a (typically semiconducting) material --, where the spin states `down' \nand `up' of our electron (or hole) encode the logical states `0' and `1'. \nOur task will be to study the decay of spin-state superpositions in such quantum-dot \nsystems. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the most important physical \nprocesses that lead to spin decoherence and to show ways to suppress this undesirable effect. \nIt turns out that at low temperatures, the main source of decoherence \nis the coupling of the electron (hole) to the surrounding nuclear spins. \n \nThis thesis is divided into three logical parts, corresponding to the three qubit candidate \nsystems under consideration. First we will study electron-spin qubits in III-V semiconductor \nquantum dots, where the electron spin interacts with the nuclear spins of the semiconducting \nhost material \nvia the isotropic Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. Second we consider quantum-dot-confined \nheavy holes and the decoherence of their (pseudo-)spin states due to anisotropic interactions with the \nnuclear spins. Third and last, we study electron-spin qubits made from carbon-nanotube and \ngraphene quantum dots. Quantum dots made of carbon have the advantage of a low abundance \nof spin-carrying nuclear isotopes, therefore reducing decoherence effects significantly. \n \nFor each of the systems under consideration, we will carry out analytical calculations on \nthe nuclear-spin interactions and the spin dynamics of the qubit. Although one main goal of \nthis thesis is to show ways to extend spin decoherence times, we will also focus on physically more \nfundamental questions. Not only the timescale of the decay is relevant for \nthe system's applicability as a qubit, but also the form of the decay which can vary \nsignificantly from system to system. For example, the decay of spin-state superpositions \ncan follow an exponential, super-exponential or power-law decay, and can even pass through \nvarious stages. This is not only of academic interest, but also important for practical \npurposes, such as the implementation of quantum error-correction schemes in a potential \nquantum computer. \n
Briques de base pour le calcul quantique spin-photon avec des boîtes quantiques semiconductrices Les boîtes quantiques semiconductrices se sont imposées comme une plateforme prometteuse pour le calcul quantique, car elles sont capables de générer des photons uniques à la demande avec un taux d'émission élevé et une haute indiscernabilité. De plus, en confinant un spin unique, elles permettent d'obtenir une interface spin-photon qui combine les avantages des qubits photoniques et des qubits de matière. Cette interface peut être utilisée pour générer de façon déterministe des états intriqués appelés états de cluster, qui sont des ressources cruciales pour le calcul quantique basé sur la mesure.Générer de façon efficace ces états intriqués spin-photon constitués de beaucoup de particules avec une haute fidélité est un défi majeur qui requiert un important degré de contrôle sur le spin. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous abordons ces défis et démontrons la génération de grands états de cluster comprenant jusqu'à neuf photons. En outre, nous introduisons des techniques optiques de rotation de spin pour générer des états appelés caterpillar. Ces techniques nous permettent également d'implémenter un découplage dynamique pour réduire les effets de décohérence liés à l'interaction hyperfine entre le spin résident et les spins nucléaires environnants.Enfin, nous introduisons une architecture hybride appelée SPOQC (calcul quantique spin optique) qui exploite les propriétés photoniques pour interconnecter des qubits de spin stationnaires et permettre le calcul quantique tolérant aux fautes. De plus, nous démontrons une première preuve de principe de l'implémentation d'une porte à deux qubits qui est critique pour cette architecture.
Single electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) and single photon wavepacket propagating in an optical waveguide are investigated as carriers of quantum bit (qubit) for information processing. Cavity quantum electrodynamics of the coupled system composed of charged QD, microcavity and waveguide provides a quantum interface for the interplay of stationary spin qubits and flying photon qubits via cavity assisted optical control. This interface forms the basis for a wide range of essential functions of a quantum network, including transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits at distributed quantum nodes as well as a deterministic source and an efficient detector of a single photon wavepacket with arbitrarily specified shape. The cavity assisted optical process also made possible ultrafast initialization and QND readout of the spin qubit in QD. In addition, the strong optical nonlinearity of dot-cavity-waveguide coupled system enables phase gate and entanglement operation for flying single photon qubits in waveguides. The coherence of the electron spin is the wellspring of these quantum applications being investigated. At low temperature and strong magnetic field, the dominant cause of electron spin decoherence is the coupling with the interacting lattice nuclear spins. We present a quantum solution to the coupled dynamics of the electron with the nuclear spin bath. The decoherence is treated in terms of quantum entanglement of the electron with the nuclear pair-flip excitations driven by the various nuclear interactions. A novel nuclear interaction, mediated by virtue spin-flips of the single electron, plays an important role in single spin free-induction decay (FID). The spin echo not only refocuses the dephasing by inhomogeneous broadening in ensemble dynamics but also eliminates the decoherence by electron-mediated nuclear interaction. Thus, the decoherence times for single spin FID and ensemble spin echo are significantly different. The quantum theory of decoherence also leads to a method of coherence recovery of the electron by disentanglement, realized through maneuvering the nuclear bath evolution by control of the electron spin-flip. The studies form the basis to outline the construction of a solid-state quantum network for scalable and distributed processing of quantum information
Single spins in semiconductor quantum dots form a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing. The spin-up and spin-down states of a single electron or hole, trapped inside a quantum dot, can represent a single qubit with a reasonably long decoherence time. The spin qubit can be optically coupled to excited (charged exciton) states that are also trapped in the quantum dot, which provides a mechanism to quickly initialize, manipulate and measure the spin state with optical pulses, and to interface between a stationary matter qubit and a 'flying' photonic qubit for quantum communication and distributed quantum information processing. The interaction of the spin qubit with light may be enhanced by placing the quantum dot inside a monolithic microcavity. An entire system, consisting of a two-dimensional array of quantum dots and a planar microcavity, may plausibly be constructed by modern semiconductor nano-fabrication technology and could offer a path toward chip-sized scalable quantum repeaters and quantum computers. This article reviews the recent experimental developments in optical control of single quantum dot spins for quantum information processing. We highlight demonstrations of a complete set of all-optical single-qubit operations on a single quantum dot spin: initialization, an arbitrary SU(2) gate, and measurement. We review the decoherence and dephasing mechanisms due to hyperfine interaction with the nuclear-spin bath, and show how the single-qubit operations can be combined to perform spin echo sequences that extend the qubit decoherence from a few nanoseconds to several microseconds, more than 5 orders of magnitude longer than the single-qubit gate time. Two-qubit coupling is discussed, both within a single chip by means of exchange coupling of nearby spins and optically induced geometric phases, as well as over longer-distances. Long-distance spin-spin entanglement can be generated if each spin can emit a photon that is entangled with the spin, and these photons are then interfered. We review recent work demonstrating entanglement between a stationary spin qubit and a flying photonic qubit. These experiments utilize the polarization- and frequency-dependent spontaneous emission from the lowest charged exciton state to single spin Zeeman sublevels.
Les boîtes quantiques semiconductrices intégrées dans des cavités photoniques sont des émetteurs prometteurs de photons uniques pour les technologies quantiques photoniques. En outre, une boîte quantique peut confiner un porteur de charge unique (électron ou trou) dont le spin peut être utilisé comme mémoire locale, ce qui ouvre la voie à des applications intéressantes. En 2009, il a été proposé d'utiliser ces boîtes quantiques chargées pour émettre de grands états intriqués comprenant le spin confiné et de nombreux photons. Ces états dits de "cluster" présentent un intérêt particulier pour l'informatique quantique photonique et basée sur la mesure. Le défi de la génération de ces états quantiques réside dans la combinaison de la production efficace de photons avec le contrôle du spin confiné : si les deux aspects ont été démontrés séparément, leur combinaison ne l'a pas encore été jusqu'à présent. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons des boîtes quantiques semi-conductrices pour générer expérimentalement des états intriqués de spin et de photons. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur une technique d'excitation hors résonance, assistée par phonon, pour générer des photons uniques de manière efficace, tout en préservant l'accès au spin par le biais de la polarisation des photons émis. Nous explorons la physique des spins uniques dans la boîte quantique, en caractérisant en particulier leurs propriétés de cohérence. Nous utilisons ensuite une boîte quantique chargée couplée à une cavité pour générer des états intriqués tripartites comprenant le spin et deux photons indiscernables, démontrant ainsi pour la première fois la mise en œuvre du protocole de 2009 avec une boîte quantique dans une cavité tridimensionnelle. Enfin, nous explorons également l'utilisation d'une boîte quantique neutre pour générer des états quantiques photoniques hyperencodés, où un photon unique est dans une superposition de plusieurs degrés de liberté.