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Il Nuovo Cimento B

Energy functional in relativistic Schrödinger theory

S. Rupp, M. Sorg

Published Mar 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The energy-momentum tensor T μ ν for the scalar field configurations of the relativistic Schrodinger theory is constructed. Its time component Too is identified with the energy functional E[Ψ] for the stationary solutionsΨ. The confidence into the proposed functional is supported by the fact that it reproduces exactly the relativistic mass eigenvalues of the one-particle systems. For many-particle systems, the non-relativistic limit of relativistic Schrodinger theory is found to coincide exactly with the Hartree-Fock approach.

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•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
The energy-momentum tensor T μ ν for the scalar field configurations of the relativistic Schrodinger theory is constructed. Its time component Too is identified with the energy functional E[Ψ] for the stationary solutionsΨ. The confidence into the proposed functional is supported by the fact that it reproduces exactly the relativistic mass eigenvalues of the one-particle systems. For many-particle systems, the non-relativistic limit of relativistic Schrodinger theory is found to coincide exactly with the Hartree-Fock approach.
We seek to introduce a mathematical method to derive the Klein-Gordon equation and a set of relevant laws strictly, which combines the relativistic wave functions in two inertial frames of reference. If we define the stationary state wave functions as special solutions like Ψ(r,t)=ψ(r)e−iEt/ℏΨ(\mathbf{r},t)=ψ(\mathbf{r})e^{-iEt/\hbar}Ψ(r,t)=ψ(r)e−iEt/ℏ, and define m=E/c2m=E/c^2m=E/c2, which is called the mass of the system, then the Klein-Gordon equation can clearly be expressed in a better form when compared with the non-relativistic limit, which not only allows us to transplant the solving approach of the Schrödinger equation into the relativistic wave equations, but also proves that the stationary solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in a potential field have the probability significance. For comparison, we have also discussed the Dirac equation. By introducing the concept of system mass into the Klein-Gordon equation with the scalar and vector potentials, we prove that if the Schr\"{o dinger equation in a certain potential field can be solved exactly, then under the condition that the scalar and vector potentials are equal, the Klein-Gordon equation in the same potential field can also be solved exactly by using the same method.
In this paper, some concepts of nonrelativistic many-particle quantum mechanics (e.g., product states, density matrix) are generalized to the relativistic domain using a framework called relativistic Schr\"odinger theory (RST). By using a general ansatz, the RST framework is simplified considerably and some of its field equations are solved directly. The RST approach is then compared with nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (QM) for the case of a product state (conventional QM) and its RST analog. It is shown that relativistic wave equations can be derived from the RST formalism, so that they coincide in the nonrelativistic limit with the well-known Hartree equations.
A covariant formalism of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics is demonstrated, through it's de- velopment and application. The Relativistic Case is shown to follow a similar structure to the established Non-Relativistic formalism. Reasons for preferring the new covariant formalism over the established method are presented. Solutions to the case of a scalar particle in a one-dimensional field are presented. The Relativistic Energy Eigenfunction is derived. Results are generated from initial Gaussian states via a Green's Function method. A Green's Function for the system is derived and applied. The solution to the Quantum System is shown to follow a scaled version of the classical path. The equivalent system in the Non-Relativistic case is also analysed. The Energy Eigenfunc- tion for the time-independent Schrodinger Equation is derived. A Green's Function is derived for the time-dependent SchrÄdinger Equation and solutions to the system are found using intial Gaussian States. A short demonstration of the established method, that of the Klein-Gordon equation, is provided. Some deficiencies in the Klein-Gordon equation are shown. These deficiencies are shown to not exist in the covariant formalism.