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A derivation of quantum Jarzynski equality using quantum Feynman-Kac formula

Fei Liu

Published Jan 7, 2012• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present a quantum mechanical analogue of the famous Feynman-Kac formula that was originally established for classical stochastic processes. By constructing a backward-time invariable, we find that this formula can be used to derive the quantum Jarzynski equality. Different from the previous approaches, the time-ordered correlated function in the quantum mechanical work definition is naturally emerged in terms of mathematical rigor.

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Jarzynski equality for conditional stochastic work

Akira Sone, Sebastian Deffner

It has been established that the inclusive work for classical, Hamiltonian dynamics is equivalent to the two-time energy measurement paradigm in isolated quantum systems. However, a plethora of other notions of quantum work has emerged, and thus the natural question arises whether any other quantum notion can provide motivation for purely classical considerations. In the present analysis, we propose the conditional stochastic work for classical, Hamiltonian dynamics, which is inspired by the one-time measurement approach. This novel notion is built upon the change of expectation value of the energy conditioned on the initial energy surface. As main results we obtain a generalized Jarzynski equality and a sharper maximum work theorem, which account for how non-adiabatic the process is. Our findings are illustrated with the parametric harmonic oscillator.

•Jan 1, 2020•13 citations
We present a quantum mechanical analogue of the famous Feynman-Kac formula that was originally established for classical stochastic processes. By constructing a backward-time invariable, we find that this formula can be used to derive the quantum Jarzynski equality. Different from the previous approaches, the time-ordered correlated function in the quantum mechanical work definition is naturally emerged in terms of mathematical rigor.
We briefly introduce the quantum Jarzynski and Bochkov-Kuzovlev equalities in isolated quantum Hamiltonian systems, which includes the origin of the equalities, their derivations using a quantum Feynman-Kac formula, the quantum Crooks equality, the evolution equations governing the characteristic functions of the probability density functions for the quantum work, the recent experimental verifications. Some results are given here first time. We particularly emphasize the formally structural consistence between these quantum equalities and their classical counterparts, which shall be useful in understanding the existing equalities and pursuing new fluctuation relations in other complex quantum systems.
It has been established that the inclusive work for classical, Hamiltonian dynamics is equivalent to the two-time energy measurement paradigm in isolated quantum systems. However, a plethora of other notions of quantum work has emerged, and thus the natural question arises whether any other quantum notion can provide motivation for purely classical considerations. In the present analysis, we propose the conditional stochastic work for classical, Hamiltonian dynamics, which is inspired by the one-time measurement approach. This novel notion is built upon the change of expectation value of the energy conditioned on the initial energy surface. As main results we obtain a generalized Jarzynski equality and a sharper maximum work theorem, which account for how non-adiabatic the process is. Our findings are illustrated with the parametric harmonic oscillator.