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How Intelligence is Related to Matter

Michail A. Zak

Published Oct 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

I can calculate the motion of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people. Isaac Newton In mathematical world, the bridge from matter to intelligence requires extension and modification of quantum physics.

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The challenge of this work is to connect quantum mechanics with the concept of intelligence. By intelligence we understand a capability to move from disorder to order without external resources, i.e. in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. The objective is to find such a mathematical object described by ODE that possesses such a capability. The proposed approach is based upon modification of the Madelung version of the Schrodinger equation by replacing the force following from quantum potential with non-conservative forces that link to the concept of information. A mathematical formalism suggests that a hypothetical intelligent particle, besides the capability to move against the second law of thermodynamics, acquires such properties like self-image, self-awareness, self- supervision, etc. that are typical for Livings. However since this particle being a quantum-classical hybrid acquires non-Newtonian and non-quantum properties, it does not belong to the physics matter as we know it: the modern physics should be complemented with the concept of an information force that represents a bridge to intelligent particle. It has been suggested that quantum mechanics should be complemented by the intelligent particle as an independent entity, and that will be the necessary step to physics of Life. At this stage, the intelligent particle is introduced as an abstract mathematical concept that is satisfied only mathematical rules and assumptions, and its physical representation is still an open problem.
The objective of this paper is to relate the concept of intelligence to the first principles of physics, and, in particular, to answer the following question: can AI system composed only of physical components compete with a human? The answer is proven to be negative if the AI system is based only on simulations, and positive if digital devices are included. It has been demonstrated that in mathematical world, the bridge from matter to intelligence requires extension and modification of quantum physics. Such an extension is implemented by quantum neural nets that perform simulations combined with digital punctuations. The universality of this quantum-classical hybrid is in capability to violate the second law of thermodynamics by moving from disorder to order without external resources. This advanced capability that could be accepted as a definition of human-like intelligence is illustrated by examples.
Mathematically, Newton's laws of motion are cast in the form of differential equations (specifically, equations which relate quantities to their time dependence). One of the simplest examples can be given in the context of that stone-throwing problem which so interested the early Greeks. Newton did fully realize that the heavens could not be separated, or compartmentalized, into isolated pairs of interacting two-body systems. Newton tried to deal with this problem at least for what he deemed to be the simplest circumstance, namely the case in which one two-body force exerts a much larger influence on the primary motion of concern than the others. In order to probe the effect of chaos in the true quantum regime it is necessary to focus upon the motion of electrons. The electronic 'motion' of an electron about a nucleus cannot be cast, in quantum theory, in terms of classical concepts like orbits.