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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Experimental observation of transition between strong and weak non-Markovianity

Nadja K. Bernardes, Álvaro Cuevas, Adeline Orieux, Carlos Henrique Monken, Paolo Mataloni, Fabio Sciarrino, Marcelo França Santos

Published May 7, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally observed in an optical setup and using full tomography process the so-called weak non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit [1]. This was done implementing the collisional model proposed in [2] to investigate the non- Markovian dynamics of an open quantum system interacting with a carefully controlled environment state. We also observed the transition from weak to strong (essentially) non-Markovianity. In our all-optical setup, a single photon system, initially entangled in polarization with an ancilla, is made to interact with a sequence of liquid crystal retarders driven by proper electric pulses, which simulates the environment. Depending on how the voltage is applied on each liquid crystal, it will work as a half-wave plate with different orientations. Then, by changing properly the parameters of the qubit-environment interactions, the system dynamics can suffer a transition from weak to strong non-Markovianity. In the strong regime, the full reconstruction of the entangled state was made by single entanglement witness between system and ancilla, showing a backflow of information, while, in the weak regime, given the contractive unital map feature, we can only measure the dynamics by a full process tomography analysis, searching for the violation of the divisibility completely positive map criterion, what was done successfully.

DOI
10.1117/12.2194881

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We experimentally observed in an optical setup and using full tomography process the so-called weak non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit [1]. This was done implementing the collisional model proposed in [2] to investigate the non- Markovian dynamics of an open quantum system interacting with a carefully controlled environment state. We also observed the transition from weak to strong (essentially) non-Markovianity. In our all-optical setup, a single photon system, initially entangled in polarization with an ancilla, is made to interact with a sequence of liquid crystal retarders driven by proper electric pulses, which simulates the environment. Depending on how the voltage is applied on each liquid crystal, it will work as a half-wave plate with different orientations. Then, by changing properly the parameters of the qubit-environment interactions, the system dynamics can suffer a transition from weak to strong non-Markovianity. In the strong regime, the full reconstruction of the entangled state was made by single entanglement witness between system and ancilla, showing a backflow of information, while, in the weak regime, given the contractive unital map feature, we can only measure the dynamics by a full process tomography analysis, searching for the violation of the divisibility completely positive map criterion, what was done successfully.
Non-Markovianity has recently attracted large interest due to significant advances in its characterization and its exploitation for quantum information processing. However, up to now, only non-Markovian regimes featuring environment to system backflow of information (strong non-Markovianity) have been experimentally simulated. In this work, using an all-optical setup we simulate and observe the so-called weak non-Markovian dynamics. Through full process tomography, we experimentally demonstrate that the dynamics of a qubit can be non-Markovian despite an always increasing correlation between the system and its environment which, in our case, denotes no information backflow. We also show the transition from the weak to the strong regime by changing a single parameter in the environmental state, leading us to a better understanding of the fundamental features of non-Markovianity.
This thesis will be oriented in the study of open quantum systems. The transition of processes that go between the Markovian and non-Markovian regime will be studied. The diagnose of non-Markovianity will be made in terms of the variation of the coherence of the state. Accordingly, an optical setup will be implemented that allows us to manipulate certain degrees of freedom, like the polarization and the optical path. Theoretically, we have found that the coherence of the system is transferred to the environment and it decreases as we move a parameter that we will take as time. This situation has been confirmed in the experiment. Then, due to the second part of the setup, which produces a non-Markovian evolution by also changing one of its parameters, we have accomplished the goal of returning the information back into the system and to measure the non-Markovianity of the process.
Abstract The dynamics of open quantum systems and manipulation of quantum resources are both of fundamental interest in quantum physics. Here, we investigate the relation between quantum Markovianity and coherence, providing an effective way for detecting non-Markovianity based on the quantum-incoherent relative entropy of coherence ( QI{\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}QI QI REC). We theoretically show the relation between completely positive (CP) divisibility and the monotonic behavior of the QI{\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}QI QI REC. Also we implement an all-optical experiment to demonstrate that the behavior of the QI{\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}QI QI REC is coincident with the entanglement shared between the system and the ancilla for both Markovian and non-Markovian evolution; while other coherence-based non-Markovian information carriers violate monotonicity, even in Markovian processes. Moreover, both theoretically and experimentally, we show that non-Markovianity enhances the ability of creating coherence on an ancilla. This is the first experimental study of the relation between dynamical behavior of the QI{\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}QI QI REC and the phenomenon of information backflow. Our methods for detecting non-Markovianity are applicable to general quantum evolutions.
We investigate the dynamics of an N -qubit interacting system coupled to a common reservoir. In the weak system-environment coupling regime, the crossovers from Markovian to non-Markovian and from no speedup to speedup can be realized by adjusting the controllable parameters (i.e., the coupling strength between qubits and the number of the qubits). However, in the case of strong coupling, the multiple transitions from non-Markovian regime to Markovian regime and from speedup to no speedup can be induced by manipulating controllable parameters. In addition, a phenomenon can be noticed that the number of qubits and the coupling strength between the qubits have the different effect on the non-Markovian dynamics and speedup evolution of the system in the above weak- and strong-coupling regimes. Our results provide an effective theoretical scheme for the realization of non-Markovian speedup dynamic processes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We present a theoretical scheme and its experimental proof of principle for an open quantum system undergoing Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions. We exhibit these two regimes by diagnosing them with the relative entropy of coherence of two polarization qubits playing the roles of system and ancilla. These are initially prepared in a polarization maximally entangled state of a photon pair produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We induce Markovian and non-Markovian regimes in the system's dynamics with the help of two auxiliary qubits, experimentally implemented by optical paths in a layout of Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We replicate system-environment interactions by means of an amplitude damping channel and a suitably designed inversion of it. In our scheme, one needs only two experimentally accessible parameters to achieve Markovian and non-Markovian regimes.
Abstract A Markovian quantum process can be arbitrarily divided into two or more legitimate completely‐positive (CP) subprocesses. When at least one non‐CP process exists among the divided processes, the dynamics is considered non‐Markovian. However, how to utilize minimum experimental efforts, without examining all process input states and using entanglement resources, to identify or measure non‐Markovianity is still being determined. Herein, a method is proposed to quantify non‐CP processes for identifying and measuring non‐Markovianity without the burden of state optimization and entanglement. This relies on the non‐CP processes as new quantum process capabilities and can be systematically implemented by quantum process tomography. Additionally, an approach for witnessing non‐Markovianity by analyzing at least four system states without process tomography is provided. It is faithfully demonstrated that this method can be explicitly implemented using all‐optical setups and applied to identify the non‐Markovianity of single‐photon and two‐photon dynamics in birefringent crystals. The results also can be used to explore non‐Markovianity in other dynamical systems where process or state tomography is implementable.